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HP 37718A OmniBER 718 User’ s Guide DSn/SONET Operation.
Hewlett-Packard Limited Telecommunications Networks Test Division South Queensferry West Lothian, Scotland EH30 9TG Copyright Hewlett- P ackard Ltd.1998 All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaption, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws .
User’ s Guide DSn/SONET Operation HP 37718A OmniBER 718.
iv This book tells you how to select the features that you w ant to use for your test. The selections available are presented in the following groups: • Transmit and receive interfaces • T est fea.
Contents v 1 Setting the Interfaces Setting DSn T ransmit Interface 2 Setting SONET T ransmit Interface 4 Setting Jitter T ransmit Interface 7 Setting W ander T ransmit Interface 9 Setting SONET THR U.
vi Contents Inserting an External DSn Payload/T est Signal 43 Dropping an External Payload/T est Signal 46 Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface 49 Adding Errors & Alarms to the DSn In.
Contents vii Measuring Jitter T ransfer 92 4 Storing, Logging and Printing Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store 98 Recalling Stored Graph Results 99 V iewing the Bar Graph Display 101 V iewing .
viii Contents Labeling a Disk 132 Managing Files and Directories on Disk 133 Saving Graphics Results to Disk 140 Saving Data Logging to Disk 142 Saving Configurations to Disk 143 Recalling Configura.
Contents ix 7 STS-1 SPE Backgr ound Patter ns 8 ETSI/ANSI T erminology ETSI/ANSI Con v ersion and Equi valent T erms 170.
x Contents.
1 1 Setting the Interfaces This chapter tells you how to set the instrument interfaces to match the network being tested..
2 Setting the Interfaces Setting DSn T ransmit Interface Description DSn transmit interface settings should match network equipment settings of Rate, T ermination and Line Code and determine the Pa yload to be tested. TIP: T o set the Transmitter and Receiver to the same interface settings choose .
3 Setting the Interf aces Setting DSn T ransmit Interface 3 If DS1 or DS3 is chosen, choose the required OUTPUT LEVEL. 4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate , choose the required TERMINATION . (At all other signal rates the impedance is fixed).
4 Setting the Interf aces Setting SONET T ransmit Interface Setting SONET T ransmit Interface Description SONET transmit interface settings should match the network equipment settings of Rate, W avelength and Mapping , determine the payload to be tested and set background conditions to prevent alarms while testing.
5 Setting the Interf aces Setting SONET T ransmit Interface 4 Choose FOREGROUND , B ACKGROUND MAPPING and type of payload. Mapping may be selected from a pictorial display by moving the cursor to MAPPING and pressing . Use and to move between STS Layer choice , VT Layer choice and P ayload Layer c hoice.
6 Setting the Interf aces Setting SONET T ransmit Interface If you have chosen 2 Mb/s , DS1 or DS3 under Mapping, the Framed choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types . 9 Choose the P ATTERN type and PRBS polarity . 10 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) STS’ s.
7 Setting the Interf aces Setting Jitter T ransmit Interface Setting Jitter T ransmit Interface Description: Y ou can add jitter to the transmitted DSn or SONET signal at 2 Mb/s , 34 Mb/s , STS-3, OC-3, OC-12, and OC-48. Y ou can source the jitter modulation internally or from an external source.
8 Setting the Interf aces Setting Jitter T ransmit Interface 5 Choose the modulation source. If adding jitter to the DSn signal and is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN port of the DSn Jitter TX module. Up to 10 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN port.
9 Setting the Interf aces Setting W ander T ransmit Interface Setting W ander T ransmit Interface Description: Y ou can add W ander to the 2 Mb/s DSn signal and the STS-3, OC-3, OC-12 or OC-48 SONET signal.
10 Setting the Interf aces Setting W ander T ransmit Interface 6 Choose the W ANDER MASK setting required. Y ou can choose the w ander modulating frequency and wander amplitude if is chosen. If you choose , you can choose the "spot" w ander frequency .
11 Setting the Interf aces Setting SONET THRU Mode Setting SONET THRU Mode Description THRU mode is used to non-intrusively monitor SONET lines where no protected monitor points are available . As THRU mode locks some user settings , you must set SIGNAL RATE, STS rate, STS-1 SPE CHANNEL (if appropriate) before selecting THRU mode.
12 Setting the Interf aces Setting SONET THRU Mode 2 Make the P A YLOAD OVERWRITE choice required. If STS-3c SPE, STS-1 SPE, VT -6, VT -2 or VT -1.5 is chosen, the Section, Line and P ath CVs are reca.
13 Setting the Interf aces Using Smart T est Using Smart T est Description The Smart T est function can help speed-up configuring the instrument in two wa ys. 1 A Smartsetup feature that will attempt to configure the instrument to receive the incoming signal.
14 Setting the Interf aces Using Smart T est 4 In SONET mode the incoming signal will be identified on the top line of the display , and under this the payload mappings , the J1 Trace and C2 byte indicators are displayed on the bottom lines . 5 Use the and keys to display the J1 Trace information for each STS SPE.
15 Setting the Interf aces Setting DSn Receive Interface Setting DSn Receive Interface Description DSn Receive interface settings should match the network equipment settings of Rate, T ermination and Line Code and determine the Pa yload to be tested. TIP: T o set the transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings choose .
16 Setting the Interf aces Setting DSn Receive Interface 5 Choose the P A YLOAD TYPE. If is required must be chosen. If is chosen, the DSn test signal must be set up.
17 Setting the Interf aces Setting SONET Receive Interface Setting SONET Receive Interface Description SONET Receive interface settings should match the network equipment settings of Rate and Mapping, and determine the pa yload to be tested. TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings, c hoose .
18 Setting the Interf aces Setting Jitter Receive Interface Setting Jitter Receive Interface Description: Jitter and error measurements are made simultaneously when a jitter option is fitted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the DSn or SONET receiver and the interface selections are the normal Receiver selections.
19 Setting the Interf aces Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface Description: Extended Jitter measurements are made in a jitter bandwidth of 0.1 Hz to 25 kHz. These measurements are made at the upper end of the standard wander frequency range and the lower end of the standard jitter frequency range.
20 Setting the Interf aces Setting W ander Receive Interface Setting W ander Receive Interface Description: Y ou can measure W ander at all DSn and SONET rates. An external timing reference should be selected on the or display to ensure accurate W ander results.
2 2 Selecting T est F eatures.
22 Selecting T est F eatures Using T ransmit Overhead Setup Description Y ou can set an overhead byte to a known static state to aid troubleshooting, for example to quic kly check for "stuck bits" in path overhead bytes. Transport Overhead, P ath Overhead, Trace Messages and Labels can be set using this feature.
23 Selecting T est Features Using T ransmit Overhead Setup If (Transport Overhead) is chosen, c hoose the STS-1 to be displayed. Many bytes in and are unlabeled as the other overhead functions have not yet been defined.
24 Selecting T est Features Using Receive Overhead Monitor Using Receive Overhead Monitor Description When first connecting to a SONET network, a start up confidence check can be made by viewing the behavior of all the overhead bytes .
25 Selecting T est Features Using Receive Overhead Monitor If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the overhead bytes are displayed. 4 If POH (P ath Overhead) is chosen, choose the source of the overhead, SPE or VTSPE.
26 Selecting T est Features Setting Overhead T race Messages Setting Overhead T race Messages Description Y ou can insert a data message to verify portions of the network: J0 verifies the section overhead. J1 verifies the STS-1 SPE or STS-3c SPE path connection.
27 Selecting T est Features Generating Overhead Sequences Generating Overhead Sequences Description Y ou may insert a pattern into a functional group of overhead bytes for testing or troubleshooting purposes. HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.
28 Selecting T est Features Generating Overhead Sequences 6 Start the sequence by choosing . NO TE When you start the sequence illustrated, one Out of Frame alarm and one Loss of Frame alarm should occur every eight seconds .
29 Selecting T est Features Using Receive Overhead Capture Using Receive Overhead Capture Description Section, Line and P ath overhead provide network support functions , responding dynamically to network conditions and needs. It is therefore useful to capture overhead activity on a frame by frame basis.
30 Selecting T est Features Using Receive Overhead Capture - captures activity after the first occurrence of a deviation from your specified overhead state. Can be used for transient detection from a specified expected state. 4 Up to 16 records of overhead state are provided.
31 Selecting T est Features Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal Adding F requency Offset to SONET Signal Description Frequency offset can be added to the SONET interface rate signal and to the payload signal. HOW TO: SONET Line Rate Offset 1 Choose the amount of frequency offset required.
32 Selecting T est Features Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal Tributary Offset ± 100 ppm 1 Choose the amount of tributary offset required. Y ou can set the Offset in the range -100 ppm to +100 ppm in 1 ppm steps using and . The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while measurements are taking place.
33 Selecting T est Features Adding Frequency Offset to the DSn Signal Adding F requency Offset to the DSn Signal Description Y ou can add frequency offset to the interface DSn SIGNAL at all rates . Frequency Offset can be added at preset ITU values or as User defined values in the range ± 100 ppm.
34 Selecting T est Features Setting up Signaling Bits Setting up Signaling Bits Description When transmitting 2.048 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS (PCM30 or PCM30CRC) multiframing the state of A,B ,C ,D signaling bits can be set. The signaling bits of all timeslots are set to the user -defined 4 bit value.
35 Selecting T est Features Setting up Signaling Bits SONET Operation 1 Choose on the display 2 Choose MAPPING or and VT P A YLOAD or on the display . 3 If UNSTRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on the display . If STRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on the display .
36 Selecting T est Features Setting up Signaling Bits 2 Choose SIGNAL or , and P A YLOAD TYPE on the display 3 Choose TEST SIGNAL or on the display . 4 Set the A,B bits (for D4 and SLC-96) and A,B ,C ,D bits (for ESF) as required. SONET Operation 1 Choose on the display .
37 Selecting T est Features Setting T ransmit Structured Pa yload/T est Signal Setting Transmit Structured P ayload/T est Signal Description Structured DSn P ayload/T est Signal settings determine the SONET payload or the DSn test signal to be tested and set any background (non test) conditions to prevent alarms while testing.
38 Selecting T est Features Setting T ransmit Structured Pa yload/T est Signal 5 Choose the B/G P ATTERN . The B/G P ATTERN in the non test 56/64 kb/s timeslots is fixed as NUMBERED , that is, each timeslot contains a unique number to allow identification in case of routing problems.
39 Selecting T est Features Setting Receive Structured P ayload/T est Signal Setting Receive Structured P ayload/T est Signal Description Structured DSn P ayload/T est Signal settings determine the SONET payload or the DSn test signal to be tested.
40 Selecting T est Features Setting T ransmi tNx6 4 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured P ayload/T est Signal Setting T ransmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured P ayload/T est Signal Description Wideband se.
41 Selecting T est Features Setting T ransmi tNx6 4 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured P ayload/T est Signal 6 The B/G P ATTERN in the non-test 56/64 kb/s timeslots is fixed as NUMBERED , that is , each timeslot contains a unique identification number .
42 Selecting T est Features Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured P ayload/T est Signal Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured P ayload/T est Signal Description Wideband services such as high speed data links and LAN interconnection require a bandwidth greater than 56/64 kb/s but less than DS1/2 Mb/s e.
43 Selecting T est Features Inserting an External DSn Pa yload/T est Signal Inserting an External DSn P ayload/T est Signal Description Y ou can insert a DSn signal from external equipment into the SONET signal, or you can insert 2 Mb/s or DS1 into the structured DSn signal, as shown in the table below .
44 Selecting T est Features Inserting an External DSn Pa yload/T est Signal Insert 2 Mb/s or DS1 (Unstructured SONET P ayload) 1 Connect the external payload to the MUX port of the PDH/DSn Transmit module. If 2 Mb/s connect to 75 Ω MUX port. If DS1 connect to 100Ω MUX port.
45 Selecting T est Features Inserting an External DSn Pa yload/T est Signal Structured SONET P ayload 2 Set up the required transmit SONET interface. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. 3 Set up the SONET structured payload. See "Setting Transmit Structured P ayload/T est Signal " page 37.
46 Selecting T est Features Dropping an External P ayload/T est Signal Dropping an External P ayload/T est Signal Description Y ou can drop a DSn signal from the received payload or drop 2 Mb/s or DS1 from the structured DSn signal to external equipment as shown in the table below .
47 Selecting T est Features Dropping an External P ayload/T est Signal Drop 2 Mb/s /DS1 (Unstructured SONET P ayload) 1 Connect the DEMUX port of the DSn module to the external equipment. 2 Set up the required receive SONET interface, and choose VT -2 or VT -1.
48 Selecting T est Features Dropping an External P ayload/T est Signal Structured SONET P ayload 2 Set up the required receive SONET interface. See "Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17. 3 Set up the SONET structured payload. See "Setting Receive Structured P ayload/T est Signal " page 39.
49 Selecting T est Features Adding Err ors & Alarms at the SONET Interface Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface Description Errors and alarms can be added to the SONET interface signal during testing . HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.
50 Selecting T est Features Adding Err ors & Alarms to the DSn Interface/DSn P ayload Adding Errors & Alarms to the DSn Interface/ DSn P ayload Description Errors and alarms can be added to the DSn interface/payload signal during testing. HOW TO: 1 If SONET interface is chosen, set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.
51 Selecting T est Features Using FEA C Codes Using FEAC Codes Description The third C-Bit in subframe 1 is used as a FEAC channel, where alarm or status information from the far -end terminal can be sent back to the near -end terminal.
52 Selecting T est Features Using FEA C Codes 3 Choose the FEAC CODE TYPE. 4 Choose the MESSAGE from the choices displayed. If you chose a DS1 message an additional field to the right of the DS1 MESSAGE is displayed. P osition the cursor on this field and choose or .
53 Selecting T est Features Setting DSn Spare Bits Setting DSn Spare Bits Description Certain Spare Bits will cause the occurrence of a minor alarm when received as a logical "0".
54 Selecting T est Features Adding P ointer Adjustments Adding P ointer Adjustments Description The transmitted SPE or VT pointer value can be adjusted for testing purposes . HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
55 Selecting T est Features Adding P ointer Adjustments OFFSET - Y ou can frequency offset the line rate or the SPE/VT rate, relative to each other , thus producing pointer movements. If you offset the SPE pointer , an 87:3 sequence of pointer movements is generated.
56 Selecting T est Features Adding P ointer Adjustments Note: SINGLE (A1), BURST (A2) and PHASE TRANSIENT(A3) are Non P eriodic Sequences . Initialization P eriod F or SINGLE A1, BURST A2 and PHASE TR.
57 Selecting T est Features Adding P ointer Adjustments NO TE The following conditions apply for pointer sequence generation: The sequences can only be applied to the SPE pointer when the SPE does not contain a VT structure, otherwise it is applied to the VT pointer .
58 Selecting T est Features Adding P ointer Adjustments T1.105 A3 PHASE TRANSIENT GR-253 5031 Phase transient pointer adjustment burst test sequence. All adjustments are of the same polarity , which is selectable. The interval between bursts is fixed at 30 seconds.
59 Selecting T est Features Adding P ointer Adjustments NO TE F or SPE pointers the sequence interval is selectable from 7.5 ms, 10, 20, 30, 34 ms; 40 to 100 ms in 10 ms steps, 100 to 1000 ms in 100 ms steps 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds. F or VT pointers the sequence interval is selectable from: 200 ms, 500 ms , 1, 2, 5 and 10 seconds.
60 Selecting T est Features Adding P ointer Adjustments T able 1 P ointer Sequences Av ailable with Selected Mapping POINTER SEQUENCE MAPPING SPE VT6, VT2 VT1.
61 Selecting T est Features Using P ointer Graph T est Function Using P ointer Graph T est Function P ointer Graph shows the relative offset during the measurement period. This allows the time relationship of SPE or VT pointer movements to be observed.
62 Selecting T est Features Using P ointer Graph T est Function If , during a long term measurement (4 days), an event occurs at a particular time each day , a short term measurement can be made at the identified time to gain more detail of the event.
63 Selecting T est Features Stressing Optical Clock Reco ver y Circuits Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits Description Ideally clock recovery circuits in the network equipment optical interfaces should recover the clock even in the presence of long strings of 0’s .
64 Selecting T est Features Generating A utomatic Protection Switch Messa ges Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages Description Y ou can program the K1 and K2 bytes to exercise the APS functions for Both LINEAR (ITU-T G .783) and RING (ITU-T G .
65 Selecting T est Features Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel Description The Data Communications Channel (DCC) of the regenerator and multiplexer section overhead can be verified by protocol testing.
66 Selecting T est Features Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel.
3 3 Making Measur ements.
68 Making Measurements Using Overhead BER T est Function Using Overhead BER T est Function Description Y ou can perform a Bit Error Rate test on chosen bytes of the section, line and path overhead bytes. Y ou can access the transmit Overhead BER on the display .
69 Making Measurements T est Timing T est T iming Description There are two aspects to test timing: • Error results may be displayed as short term or cumulative over the measurement period.If short term error measurements are required, the short term period may be selected.
70 Making Measurements Making SONET Analysis Measurements Making SONET Analysis Measurements Description G .826, M.2101, M.2110 and M.2120 analysis results are provided for all relevant SONET error sources.
71 Making Measurements Making DSn Analysis Measurements Making DSn Analysis Measurements Description G .821, G .826, M.2100, M.2110 and M.2120 analysis results are provided for all relevant DSn and DSn P ayload error sources .
72 Making Measurements Measuring Frequency Measuring F requency Description The signal frequency and the amount of offset from the standard rate can be measured to give an indication of probability of errors.
73 Making Measurements Measuring Optical P ower Measuring Optical P ower Description Optical power measurement can be performed on the SONET signal connected to the Optical module IN port. HOW TO: 1 Connect the SONET optical signal to the IN port of the Optical Interface module.
74 Making Measurements Measuring Round T rip Delay Measuring Round T rip Delay Description: The time taken for voice traffic to pass through the network is very important. Excessive delay can make speech difficult to understand. The Round Trip Delay feature of the HP 37718A measures the delay in a 64 kb/s timeslot.
75 Making Measurements Measuring Round T rip Delay 4 Choose ACTION to start the measurement. If measuring on an SONET interface, the results are a vailable on the display . If measuring on a DSn interface, the results are a vailable on the display . The Round Trip delay measurement range is up to 2 seconds .
76 Making Measurements Monitoring Signaling Bits Monitoring Signaling Bits Description The HP 37718A receiver can be used to monitor the state of signaling bits in received 2 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS multiframing (PCM30 or PCM30CRC) and DS1 structured signals.
77 Making Measurements Measuring Service Disruption Time Measuring Service Disruption T ime Description: Protection switching ensures that data integrity is maintained and revenue protected when equipment failure occurs. The speed of operation of the protection switch can be measured.
78 Making Measurements Measuring Service Disruption Time NO TE At DS1 and DS3 Service Disruption results are only available for Unstructured payloads . Error Burst Definition Error bursts start and finish with an error . Bursts of less than 10 us are ignored.
79 Making Measurements Measuring Service Disruption Time 4 Press to start the measurement. 5 Invoke the protection switch. 6 View the results on the display . Results Displayed LONGEST - Longest burst of errors during measurement. SHORTEST - Shortest burst of errors during measurement.
80 Making Measurements P erforming a SONET T ributary Scan P erforming a SONET Tributary Scan Description Tributary Scan tests each tributary for error free operation and no occurrence of P attern Loss . A failure is indicated by highlighting the tributary in which the failure occurred.
81 Making Measurements P erforming a SONET T ributary Scan 4 The Tributary Scan results can be viewed on the display . The Scan can be started on the display or the display by choosing ST ART . If the Scan is started on the display , the HP 37718A changes to the display .
82 Making Measurements P erforming an SONET Alarm Scan P erforming an SONET Alarm Scan Description SONET Alarm Scan tests each channel for alarm free operation and identifies and indicates any Unequipped channels . Y ou can configure the Scan to check for the occurrence of any P ath layer CV errors above a chosen threshold.
83 Making Measurements P erforming a DSn Alarm Scan P erforming a DSn Alarm Scan Description DSn Alarm Scan tests each channel for the following alarms: Frame Loss RAI AIS The channel in which an alarm occurs is highlighted. HOW TO: 1 Set up the receive DSn interface as required.
84 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Measuring Jitter Description: Jitter and error measurements are made simultaneously when a jitter option is fitted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the DSn or SONET receiver and the interface selections are the normal DSn or SONET Receiver selections.
85 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter 3 If performing a Jitter T olerance measurement, See “Measuring Jitter T olerance” page 89. If performing a Jitter Transfer measurement, See “Measuring Jitter Transfer” page 92. 4 Press to start the measurement.
86 Making Measurements Measuring Extended Jitter Measuring Extended Jitter Description: Extended jitter measurements are made in a jitter bandwidth of 0.1 Hz to 25 kHz. These measurements are made at the upper end of the standard wander frequency range and the lower end of the standard jitter frequency range.
87 Making Measurements Measuring W ander Measuring W ander Description: Accurate W ander measurements require a W ander reference derived from the SONET Clock module. W ander results are displayed in UI and nanoseconds and Jitter Amplitude and Jitter Hits results are available .
88 Making Measurements Measuring W ander 4 If measuring wander at a SONET rate set up the SONET receive interface. See , “Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17. 5 Choose MEASUREMENT TYPE . 6 Choose the W ANDER HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received wander exceeds the value chosen a wander hit is recorded.
89 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T olerance Measuring Jitter Tolerance Description: The jitter auto tolerance feature provides jitter tolerance measurements within the relevant ITU-T mask, G .823 for DSn, G .958, G .825 and Bellcore GR-253 for SONET .
90 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T olerance 2 If you are performing jitter tolerance on the SONET signal, set up the SONET transmit and receive interfaces. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4 and “Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17.
91 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T olerance HOW TO: View the Results 1 Choose the results FORMAT . If is chosen, a plot of the jitter tolerance results against the ITU-T mask is displayed. If is chosen, the results from which the graph is constructed are displayed, P oint number , Frequency , Mask amplitude, T olerance, Result.
92 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T ransfer Measuring Jitter T ransfer Description: Y ou can perform Jitter transfer measurements at each of the four DSn rates , STS-3, OC-3, OC-12 and OC-48. The jitter generator provides the stimulus for the jitter transfer measurement.
93 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T ransfer HOW TO: P erform Jitter Transfer Calibration NO TE The CALIBRATION should alw ays be carried out with LEVEL selected on the display . 1 If DSn Jitter Transfer is required, set up the DSn transmit and receive interfaces , the receive jitter interface and connect DSn IN to DSn OUT .
94 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T ransfer 4 Choose JITTER on the display . 5 Choose the NUMBER OF POINTS at which jitter is transmitted (3 to 55) 6 Choose the DWELL TIME - the time jitter is generated at each jitter frequency point (5 to 30 seconds).
95 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T ransfer HOW TO: Start the Jitter Transfer Measurement NO TE The Jitter Transfer measurement must be started within 10 minutes of the completion of calibration. 1 After the CALIBRA TION is completed, remove the back to back connection from the DSn or SONET or optical interfaces.
96 Making Measurements Measuring Jitter T ransfer HOW TO: View the Results 1 Choose the results FORMAT . If is chosen, a plot of the jitter transfer results against the ITU-T mask is displayed. If is chosen, the results from which the graph is constructed are displayed: P oint number , Frequency , Mask amplitude (dB), Jitter Gain (dB), Result.
4 4 Storing, Logging and Printing.
98 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store Description Graphical representation of measurement results is very useful particularly during a long measurement period. It provides an overview of the results and can be printed for record keeping.
99 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Recalling Stored Graph Results Recalling Stored Graph Results Description Results stored from a previous measurement can be recalled to the graphics displays for viewing and printing. HOW TO: 1 If currently viewing the bar graph display , select then .
100 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Recalling Stored Graph Results The top row of the display comprises five fields: Store Memory location in which the displayed bar graph data is stored. Move the highlighted cursor , to the STORE location desired, using and .
101 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Viewing the Bar Graph Displa y V iewing the Bar Graph Display Description All the graphic results obtained during the measurement are available for viewing. Identify a period of interest and zoom in for more detailed examination.
102 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Viewing the Bar Graph Displa y Zoom The width, in minutes, of eac h "bar" in the bar graph, controlled by / . Cursor The cursor position in terms of time and date, controlled by and . The cursor position changes in steps of 1 second, 1 minute, 15 minutes or 60 minutes dependent upon the ZOOM setting.
103 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Viewing the Graphics Err or and Alarm Summaries V iewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries Description The error and alarm summaries of the measurement chosen are displayed on the display . The error summary or alarm summary can be viewed at any time.
104 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Viewing the Graphics Err or and Alarm Summaries Start The start time and date of the test, that produced the displayed results .
105 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Graph Displa ys Logging Graph Displays Description The bar graphs and error and alarm summaries can be logged to the disk for printing at a later date.
106 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Graph Displa ys 4 Choose to confirm or abort the print. T o confirm the print and only print the portion of the graph displayed and the summaries choose . T o confirm the print and print the graph for the whole measurement period and the summaries choose .
107 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Results Logging Results Description T est P eriod Logging If degradations in system performance can be observed at an early stage, then the appropriate remedial action can be taken to maximize circuit availability and avoid system crashes .
108 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Results • Optional Internal printer fitted into the instrument front cover (Option 602) • External HP-IB printer (option 601) • External RS-232-C prin.
109 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Results printer paper). 7 Choose the logging DEVICE. If RS232 is chosen, see "Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer " page 119. If HPIB is chosen, see "Logging Results to HP-IB Printer " page 117.
110 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging on Demand Logging on Demand Description When is pressed the chosen results are logged to the chosen logging device.
111 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging on Demand If P ARALLEL is chosen, see "Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer " page 116.
112 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Jitter T olerance Results Logging Jitter T olerance Results Description The jitter auto tolerance feature provides jitter tolerance measurements within the relevant ITU-T mask, G .823 for DSn, G .958, G .825 and G .
113 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Jitter T olerance Results 7 Choose 80 character column width ( ) or 40 character column width ( ) according to the capabilities of your printer . 8 Choose the same baud SPEED as chosen on your printer . 9 Choose the PROTOCOL required for the transfer of logging data.
114 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Jitter T ransfer Results Logging Jitter T ransfer Results Description The jitter transfer feature provides jitter transfer measurements within the relevant ITU-T mask, G .823 for DSn and G .958 for SONET . Y ou can log the jitter transfer results to a printer for record keeping purposes .
115 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Jitter T ransfer Results width ( ) according to the capabilities of your printer . 8 Choose the same baud SPEED as chosen on your printer . 9 Choose the PROTOCOL required for the transfer of logging data. 10 Choose LOGGING on the LOGGING SETUP display .
116 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Results to P arallel (Centronics) Printer Logging Results to P arallel (Centronics) Printer Description If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to an external P arallel printer connected to the P ARALLEL port.
117 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Results to HP-IB Printer Logging Results to HP-IB Printer Description If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to an external HP-IB printer connected to the HP-IB port.
118 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Results to Internal Printer Logging Results to Internal Printer Description If Option 602, Internal Printer is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to the in-lid printer . HOW TO: 1 Choose the LOGGING SETUP and set up the display as required.
119 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer Description If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to an external RS-232-C printer connected to the RS232 port.
120 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Printing Results from Disk Printing Results from Disk Description The results and alarms you logged to Disk can be printed by removing the Disk from the HP 37718A and inserting it into a personal computer (PC).
121 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to a P arallel P ort Connecting an HP 850C DeskJ et Printer to a P arallel P ort Description If Remote Control Option, 601, is .
122 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Changing Internal Printer P aper Changing Internal Printer P aper Description The printer accepts rolls of thermal paper with the following dimensions: Suitable rolls of paper are available from Hewlett P ackard, P art Number 9270-1360.
123 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Changing Internal Printer P aper 4 Put the paper roll on the spindle such that the sensitive side will be on the underside of the print mechanism. Ensure that the relocation of the spindle locks the blue width adaptor in position.
124 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Changing Internal Printer P aper 6 If the printer paper is incorrectly aligned, raise the printer mechanism front cover to releases the paper drive and realign the paper .
125 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head Description The print head should be cleaned when broken or light characters occur in a vertical line on the page. T o maintain a high quality print, clean the print head after 200 to 300 prints.
126 Storing, Logging and Pr inting Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head.
5 5 Using Instrument and Disk Storage.
128 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Storing Configurations in Instrument Store Storing Configurations in Instrument Store Description Y ou can store measurement settings which are used regularly and recall them with a single operation. One preset store is provided which cannot be overwritten, STORED SETTING NUMBER [0].
129 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Titling Configuration in Instrument Store T itling Configuration in Instrument Store Description When storing configurations, you can give them an easily remembered title for identification at a later date. HOW TO: 1 Choose the STORED SETTING NUMBER which contains the stored configuration.
130 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store Description Having stored a configuration for future use , you must be able to recall that configuration in the future.
131 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Formatting a Disk F ormatting a Disk Description Only 1.44M, MS-DOS compatible disks can be used in the HP 37718A. Any other format or capacity will result in a disk access error being displayed. NO TE Disks can be formatted in an IBM compatible PC (1.
132 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Labeling a Disk Labeling a Disk Description Y ou can label your disks for ease of identification. HOW TO: 1 Choose DISK OPERATION . 2 Label the Disk using or press and use the pop-up keypad. 3 Choose to confirm the label is correct.
133 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Managing F iles and Directories on Disk Description File and Directory structures can be important in speeding up the transfer of data between the instrument and the disk drive.
134 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Accessing Directories and Files 1 Choose DISK OPERATION . 2 Choose FILE TYPE you wish to view . This acts as a filter on the filename extension: - . CNF filter , - .SMG filter , - .
135 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk NO TE Title Bar - File types displa yed and current directory . (cannot be highlighted). . <DIR> - Current Directory . . . <DIR> - P arent directory . Move highlighted cursor to this line and press to move to parent directory .
136 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Renaming a File on Disk Description Files can be renamed as an aid to efficient file management. HOW TO: 1 Choose DISK OPERATION . 2 Enter the FROM filename using or Choose the directory which contains the file to be renamed.
137 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Deleting a File on Disk Description Obsolete files can be deleted as an aid to efficient file management. HOW TO: 1 Choose DISK OPERATION . 2 Choose the directory containing the file to be deleted.
138 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Deleting a Directory on Disk Description Obsolete Directories should be deleted as an aid to efficient file management. NO TE A directory cannot be deleted until all the files within the directory have been deleted.
139 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Adding Descriptors to Disk Files Description When storing configurations or graphics on disk, you can give them an easily remembered descriptor for identification at a later date.
140 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Graphics Results to Disk Saving Graphics Results to Disk Description Graphics results can be saved to a file on disk.
141 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Graphics Results to Disk 2 Choose the directory in which to save the graphics results . See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. 3 If you wish to enter your own choice of filename, c hoose DISK OPERATION FILE TYPE .
142 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Data Log ging to Disk Saving Data Logging to Disk Description Data Logging can be saved to a file on disk. The disk can be transferred to a personal computer (PC) and the logging investigated at a later date.
143 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Configurations to Disk Saving Configurations to Disk Description Y ou can store a large number of measurement settings which are used regularly and recall them when required. Configurations can be stored to a file on the floppy disk.
144 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Recalling Configuration from Disk Recalling Configuration from Disk Description If a configuration has been stored on disk, you will need to recall it at some time in the future to configure the instrument. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory that contains the configuration file to be recalled.
145 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Recalling Graphics Results from Disk Recalling Graphics Results from Disk Description If graphic results have been stored on disk, you will need to recall them in able to view the results on the . display . HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory that contains the graphics file to be recalled.
146 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration fr om Instrument Store to Disk Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk Description If you have a configuration stored in the instrument store that you wish to use on another instrument, you can copy it to disk.
147 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration fr om Instrument Store to Disk 3 T o copy the configuration from instrument to Disk choose . If you have entered a filename which already exists , a warning "File exists - are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
148 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration fr om Disk to Instrument Store Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store Description If you have a configuration stored in the instrument store that you wish to use on another instrument, you can copy it to Disk.
149 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration fr om Disk to Instrument Store 4 T o copy the configuration from Disk to instrument, choose . If you have entered a instrument store number which already contains a configuration, a warning "Are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
150 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Graphics Results fr om Instrument Store to Disk Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk Description Y ou can copy Graphics Results from the instrument store to the Disk.
151 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Graphics Results fr om Instrument Store to Disk 4 If you wish to view the graphic results at a later date via a spreadsheet, choose FORMAT . CSV is Comma Separated V ariable. If you wish to view the graphic results at a later date on an HP 37718A, choose FORMA T .
152 Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Graphics Results fr om Instrument Store to Disk.
6 6 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures.
154 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Coupling T ransmit and Receive Settings Coupling T ransmit and Receive Settings Description When generating and measuring at the same interface level, you can have the transmit and receive settings coupled together .
155 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Setting Time & Date Setting T ime & Date Description When making Bit error measurements and recording results you can have certain events timed chronologically , for example , Alarms; Error Seconds .
156 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Enabling Ke yboard Lock Enabling Keyboard Lock Description Y ou can protect the measurement settings from interference during a test.
157 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Enabling Beep on Received Err or Enabling Beep on Received Error Description Y ou can have an audible indication of an error whic h is particularly useful when the display on the test set is hidden from view .
158 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Suspending T est on Signal Loss Suspending T est on Signal Loss When running a test, you can choose to suspend the test during periods of signal loss . This function is available on the display . HO W T O: 1 Choose SUSPEND TEST ON SIGNAL LOSS .
159 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Setting Error Threshold Indication Setting Error Threshold Indication Description When making error measurements, you can ha ve an indication of when an error count or error ratio threshold has been exceeded.
160 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Setting Screen Brightness and Color Setting Screen Brightness and Color Description The HP 37718A screen can be set to single or two color using the COLOR P ALETTE selection on the , display . The screen brightness can be set to full or half brightness.
161 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Dumping Display to Disk Dumping Display to Disk Description The chosen display ma y be stored on disk in bitmap format using the Screen Dump feature of the HP37718A. Logging and Floppy Disk must be set up for screen dump.
162 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Dumping Display to Disk 4 Choose the directory in which to save the Screen Dump . See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. 5 If you wish to enter your own choice of filename, c hoose DISK OPERATION FILE TYPE .
163 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Running Self T est Running Self T est Description Before using the HP 37718A to make measurements, you can run Self T est ALL TESTS to ascertain the integrity of the HP 37718A. These tests take between at least 1 hour to complete depending on the options fitted.
164 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Running Self T est NO TE If any or all of these connections are not made the HP 37718A will F AIL Self T est. 4 Press to activate the Self T est. TEST STATUS RUNNING will be displayed. The information pertaining to TEST TYPE, TEST NUMBER and SUBTEST NUMBER will change as the Self T est progresses.
165 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Running Self T est 4 Press to activate the Self T est. TEST STATUS RUNNING will be displayed. The information pertaining to TEST TYPE, TEST NUMBER and SUBTEST NUMBER will change as the Self T est progresses.
166 Selecting and Using "Other" F eatures Running Self T est.
A ppendix A 7 STS-1 SPE Backgr ound Patter ns The follo wing tables list the background patterns av ailable when selecting specific foregrounds..
168 STS-1 SPE Backg round P atter ns T able 2 STS-1 SPE Background P atterns Foreground Backgr ound choice in Foreground TUG-3 Backgr ound choice in other A U-3 STS-1 SPE --------- VT -1.5, VT -2 Mapping or SPE W ord (8 bit user programmab le word). VT -6 P atter n in other VT -6s is numbered.
A ppendix B 8 ETSI/ANSI T erminology A table of ETSI terms with their ANSI equivalents..
170 ETSI/ANSI T er minology ETSI/ANSI Con version and Equivalent T erms ETSI/ANSI Con version and Equiv alent T erms Introduction The terminology used on the instrument display can be ETSI (SDH) or ANSI (SONET) terminology . Refer to the table given in this appendix for an explanation of equivalent SDH/SONET terms.
171 ETSI/ANSI T er minology ETSI/ANSI Con version and Equivalent T erms MS-RDI Line FERF / RDI-L Multiple xer Section Ov erhead Line Ov erhead Network Node Interface Line Interf ace OOF SEF (se verely.
172 ETSI/ANSI T er minology ETSI/ANSI Con version and Equivalent T erms NOTE: VC is an ETSI abbreviation for Virtual Container and an ETSI / ANSI abbreviation for (ATM) V irtual Channel. The context of VC must therefore be taken into account when converting between standards.
Index 173 A Alarm scan DSn, 83 SONET, 82 Alarms & errors DSn add, 50 DSn payload add, 50 SONET add, 49 Analysis measurement DSn, 71 DSn payload, 71 SONET, 70 APS messages generation, 64 monitoring.
174 Index G G.821 analysis measurement, 71 G.826 analysis measurement, 71 Graphics copy results from instrument to disk, 150 logging displays, 105 recall results from disk, 145 recall stored results, .
Index 175 Overhead sequence repeat run, 27 single run, 27 P Paper change internal printer, 122 Parallel port connecting Centronics printer, 121 Path overhead capture and display, 29 insertion, 27 Payl.
176 Index APS messages, 64 DCC insert, 65 errors & alarms DSn, 50 errors & alarms SONET, 49 MSP messages, 64 overhead BER test, 68 overhead capture, 29 pointer adjustments, 54 pointer graph, 6.
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices If you need technical assistance with a Hewlett-P ackard test and measurement product or application please contact the Hewlett-P ackard office or distributor in your country . Asia P acific: Hong Kong: T el: (852) 2599 7889 India: T el: (91-11) 682-6000 Japan: Hewlett-P ackard J apan Ltd.
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices (cont’d) Finland: T el: (90) 88 721 France: T el: (0)1 69.82.60.60 Germany: T el: (0180) 532 62-33 Greece: T el: 30-1-7264045 Hungary: T el: 36-1-4618219 Ir.
About This Edition This is the 2nd edition of the DSn/SONET Users Guide. It documents the product as of December 1998. Edition dates are as follows: 1st Edition, Sept. 1998 2nd Edition, Dec. 1998 Copyright He wlett- Packard Ltd. 1998. All rights reserved.
Printed in U.K. 12/98 37718-90022 In This Book This book tells you how to select and use the v arious instrument functions av ailable..
デバイスHP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aの購入後に（又は購入する前であっても）重要なポイントは、説明書をよく読むことです。その単純な理由はいくつかあります：
HP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aをまだ購入していないなら、この製品の基本情報を理解する良い機会です。まずは上にある説明書の最初のページをご覧ください。そこにはHP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aの技術情報の概要が記載されているはずです。デバイスがあなたのニーズを満たすかどうかは、ここで確認しましょう。HP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aの取扱説明書の次のページをよく読むことにより、製品の全機能やその取り扱いに関する情報を知ることができます。HP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aで得られた情報は、きっとあなたの購入の決断を手助けしてくれることでしょう。
HP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aを既にお持ちだが、まだ読んでいない場合は、上記の理由によりそれを行うべきです。そうすることにより機能を適切に使用しているか、又はHP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aの不適切な取り扱いによりその寿命を短くする危険を犯していないかどうかを知ることができます。
ですが、ユーザガイドが果たす重要な役割の一つは、HP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aに関する問題の解決を支援することです。そこにはほとんどの場合、トラブルシューティング、すなわちHP (Hewlett-Packard) HP 37718Aデバイスで最もよく起こりうる故障・不良とそれらの対処法についてのアドバイスを見つけることができるはずです。たとえ問題を解決できなかった場合でも、説明書にはカスタマー・サービスセンター又は最寄りのサービスセンターへの問い合わせ先等、次の対処法についての指示があるはずです。
