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Ski IA-64 Sim ulator Reference Man ual Rev . 1.0L (26 Apr 00) Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co..
ii Notice Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Notice The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Preface iii Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Preface This document is the Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual. The goal of this document is to provide a description of the features, commands, and simulation en vironment provided by the Ski IA-64 simulator .
iv Syntax Con ventions Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L italic + A plus sign applied to an argument indicates that the ar gument must be supplied one or more times, as in the Appen- dix A, “Command Reference” description of the eval command: eval expr ession_without_spaces +.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. T able of Contents v Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0 T able of Contents 1 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.
vi T able of Contents Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0 4.1 Command Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.2 Command Arguments . . .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. T able of Contents vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0 8.7.1 Summary of Symbol Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8 9 Command Files . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii T able of Contents Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. List of Figures ix Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L List of Figures Figure 1-1. Starting xski From the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Figure 1-2. The Four Primary xski Windows .
x List of Figures Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Figure 8-1. The Original Program Loaded in ski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 Figure 8-2. The Program After Assigning a String in ski .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. List of T ables xi Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L List of T ables Table 4-1. Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Table 7-1. Linux System Calls Supported by Ski .
xii List of T ables Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 1 Getting Star ted: A Ski T utorial In this chapter , you learn how to use Ski by e xecuting a brief tutorial.
1-2 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Figure 1-1. Starting xski From the Command Line.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 1.2.2 Exiting Ski Y ou can quit xski and this tutorial with the Quit button, with the File->Quit menu selection, or with the “ quit ” com- mand.
1-4 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Figure 1-3. Loading the “ hello ” Program Figure 1-4.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 1.2.4 Inspecting Data T o look at the argv and envp strings, you need to use the Data Windo w . Linux passes argc , argv , and envp on the mem- ory stack ( r12 ).
1-6 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L type “ dj r12 ”o r“ dj 9ffffffffff780 ”, as shown in Figure 1-7 and the Data W indow changes to display the hexadec- imal data stored at the location, as sho wn in Figure 1-8.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-7 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L character strings of argv and envp . (In a moment, you’ll learn ho w to see data in ASCII translation.) T yping hexadecimal numbers is error-prone, and Ski pro vides several shortcuts to av oid it.
1-8 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Another shortcut is the * pointer-dereference operator for indirect addressing. T ype “ dj 0 ” to jump the Data W indow to location 0.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-9 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 1.2.7 Viewing Sour ce Code Mixed In with Assembl y Code The Program W indow sho ws the C source code intermixed with the IA-64 assembly code.
1-10 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L display of f or on using the pa (“ p rogram a ssembly”) and pm (“ p rogram m ixed”) commands, respecti vely .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-11 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 1.2.9 Running a Program T o run your program, type the “ run ” command or click the Run button in the Main W indow .
1-12 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 1.2.10 Single-stepping a Pr ogram T o try single-stepping (and no, this is not a kind of ethnic dance), set a breakpoint at main+10 .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-13 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L the Main W indow . Ski tells you why it stopped and gives you statistics about program e xecution up to this point, as you can see in Figure 1-18.
1-14 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L By changing the v alue of the ip register , you can change where in the program Ski will resume simulation.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-15 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Changing registers isn’ t enough to debug most programs, ho wev er .
1-16 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Next, issue the command “ =s _IO_stdin_used+8 Ski!Ski!Ski! ” in the Main W indo w . (Y ou may need to left-click in the Main W indow to mak e it activ e.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Getting Started: A Ski T utorial 1-17 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 1.2.12 Getting Help T o see what commands are available, type “ help ” in the Main W indow or use the Help->Commands menu selection.
1-18 Getting Started: A Ski T utorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Overview 2-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 2 Overview 2.1 Intr oduction The Ski simulator is a software package designed to functionally simulate the IA-64 processor architecture at the instruc- tion le vel.
2-2 Overview Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 2.4 Ski V ariations The simulator is av ailable in three v arieties, distinguished by their user interfaces: ski , xski , and bski . The underlying simulation engine is identical across all three v arieties.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Overview 2-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Figure 2-2. The X Window System, Motif-based xski Interface.
2-4 Overview Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 2.5 Star ting Ski T o start the Ski simulator, type its name ( ski , xski ,o r bski ) and any necessary command line options and file redirec- tions, just as you would start an y other Linux program.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Overview 2-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L standard Linux fashion. The Ski command line syntax is sho wn below .
2-6 Overview Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 2.6 Quitting Ski The quit command causes the simulator to exit. If a numeric operand or e xpression is supplied, the value is returned to the shell as Ski’ s exit status.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3 Screen Presentation 3.1 Ski’ s Use of Windows xski and ski generally divide the screen into four windo ws. ( bski doesn’t create an y windows because it has no user interface, only a command line interface.
3-2 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L ski shows only a portion of a re gister set at a time and you use the commands described in Section 5.1, “Register W indow Commands” to select which portion of which set to see.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.2.2 The General Registers P ane The general registers pane sho ws the current values of the 64-bit general (inte ger) data registers, four to a line, in hexadec- imal.
3-4 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.2.4 The System Registers P ane The system registers pane sho ws the Processor Status Regist.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.3 Resizing Register Window P anes with xski As mentioned abov e, ev en a large X W indow Sy.
3-6 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.5 The Pr ogram Window The Program W indow pro vides a view into the program space.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-7 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L instruction in the bundle. The end of each instruction group (a unit of potentially parallel e xecution) is marked with a pair of semicolons (“ ;; ”) after the last operand of the last instruction in the group.
3-8 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.5.2 IA-32 Instruction Display IA-32 instructions are displayed as shown in Figure 3-11, according to the con ventions for Intel assembly code.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-9 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.5.3 Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Pr ogram Window xski doesn’t place a scroll bar in the Program W indo w . Instead, like ski , xski provides the pf and pb commands, described in Section 5.
3-10 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.6 The Data Window In the Data W indow , xski and ski present data in hexadecimal format, sixteen bytes to a line, as sho wn in Figure 3-14.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-11 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L which may change by the time the simulated IA-64 processor actually loads the bytes.) The address is expressed as a sym- bol from the ex ecutable file’ s symbol table or as a sixteen digit hexadecimal number .
3-12 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.6.2 In v alid Code and the Data Window If you tell Ski to display non-existent memory , Ski will display x ’ s instead, as sho wn in Figure 3-14.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-13 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.7.2 The ski Command Window ski ’ s Command Windo w is simpler , as shown in Figure 3-17.
3-14 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 3.8 Other Windows Some commands, such as help , isyms , and symlist , cause xski and ski to create additional windo ws. When xski cre- ates an additional windo w , it adds scroll bars if there is more information than will fit.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Presentation 3-15 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Figure 3-18. xski ’ s Symbol List Window.
3-16 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Language 4-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 4 Command Language The Ski command language is simple, ef ficient, and easy to learn. It consists of commands you can inv oke from the ke y- board or from a command file (see Chapter 9, “Command Files”).
4-2 Command Language Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L the commands “ step 100 ” and “ eval my_buffer ”. This pair of commands would e xecute one hundred instructions and then print the value of (your) v ariable named “ my_buffer ”.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Language 4-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L As an example, in xski , eval 64 0d64 0o64 0b100000 *main ~(((0D1234+0X10EF0)*4)<<6)+0B10001001 prints the v alues of the six expressions in the Main W indow , as shown in Figure 4-1.
4-4 Command Language Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 4.4.1.3 Addresses An address is specified by a 64 bit hexadecimal number . For example, the command pj 1000 repositions (“jumps”) the Program W indow to address 0x1000.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Language 4-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L assigns the v alue contained in the ip register to general register 31. (F or a description of the = command, see Section 8.1, “Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment Commands”.
4-6 Command Language Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L first in its symbol tables for program-defined symbols and internal variables (which includes re gister names). If a match is found, the matching v alue is used, otherwise the character sequence is taken as a number .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Manipulation Commands 5-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 5 Screen Manipulation Commands Ski provides se veral commands to manipulate windo ws. These commands let you make major changes of context or fine adjustments.
5-2 Screen Manipulation Commands Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Displays the IA-32 ( eax , ebx , esp , etc.) registers in the Re gister W indow . sr Displays the system registers ( cr , rr , pkr , dbr , ibr , pmc , and pmd ) in the Register W indo w .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Manipulation Commands 5-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L pm Display the program being simulated in its source code form with the assembly language translation mixed in, as shown in Figure 5-2.
5-4 Screen Manipulation Commands Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L pd starting_addr ess ending_addr ess [ filename ] Dump the assembly language transl.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Screen Manipulation Commands 5-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 5.3 Data Window Commands The Data W indow displays an area of memory in he xadecimal format and, if the window is wide enough, an ASCII trans- lation.
5-6 Screen Manipulation Commands Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L dd starting_addr ess ending_addr ess [ filename ] Dump the memory area between the two addresses (inclusi ve) to the screen ( ski ) or windo w ( xski )i fn o filename is gi ven or to the specified file if one is.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Program Sim ulation 6-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 6 Pr ogram Simulation Ski’ s main responsibility is to simulate IA-64 instructions and programs built from these instructions. Many commands and features are supplied to provide you with a great deal of fle xibility in using Ski.
6-2 Program Sim ulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 6.3.1 System-Mode IA-64 Programs A system-mode IA-64 program “sees” a more complete simul.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Program Sim ulation 6-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 6.4 Misaligned Data Access T rap If the psr .
6-4 Program Sim ulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L example is “ xski my_program ”. The second way is to use the load , iaload ,o r romload commands, which take the filename as the first argument, for e xample, “ load my_program ”.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Program Sim ulation 6-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 6.6 Pr ogram Execution Programs may be run in their entirety without interruption, they may be stopped at appropriate places (see Section 8.3, “Program Breakpoints”) and continued, or they may be single-stepped for deb ugging purposes.
6-6 Program Sim ulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Linux and MS-DOS ABI Em ulation 7-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 7 Linux and MS-DOS ABI Em ulation As discussed in Section 6.1, “ Application-Mode and System-Mode Simulation”, Ski can provide application programs with a Linux-compatible or MS-DOS-compatible en vironment.
7-2 Linux and MS-DOS ABI Em ulation Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Ski accepts but ignores the system calls sho wn in T able 7-2. For those that return an error indication, the errno code is sho wn in parentheses.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Linux and MS-DOS ABI Em ulation 7-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 7.3 MS-DOS Application En vironment IA-32 application-mode programs “see” a limited MS-DOS en vironment.
7-4 Linux and MS-DOS ABI Em ulation Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Debug ging 8-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 8 Deb ugging The simulator provides man y facilities to help you debug your programs. Y ou can modify the current state of the simu- lated processor , set program breakpoints, trace program ex ecution, and dump a memory image into a file.
8-2 Debug ging Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L The hexadecimal v alue 0x1234 is assigned to general register 1. The six upper (more significant) bytes are padded with zeroes. = r1 ip+10 The value in ip added to 0x10 is assigned to general register 1.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Debug ging 8-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 8.1.3 Notes on Assignment 8.1.3.1 Address Alignment Ski aligns addresses on natural boundaries: two-by.
8-4 Debug ging Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 8.2 Ev aluating Formulas and Formatting Data The eval command ev aluates one or more expressions and prints the result(s) in decimal and he xadecimal. An example of the eval command and a more complete discussion are in Section 4.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Debug ging 8-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 8.3.2 Deleting Program Breakpoints T wo commands delete program breakpoints. The bd command deletes a specified breakpoint. The bD command deletes all breakpoints currently set.
8-6 Debug ging Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 8.3.4 Notes on Pr ogram Breakpoints 8.3.4.1 How Ski Implements Breakpoints Program breakpoints are implemented by replacing the instruction at the address of each breakpoint with an IA-64 BREAK instruction or an IA-32 INT3 instruction.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Debug ging 8-7 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L iabs [ addr ess ] Sets an IA-32 breakpoint at the specified address or , if no addr ess is giv en, at the location pointed to by ip . bd br eakpoint_number Deletes the breakpoint numbered by breakpoint_number .
8-8 Debug ging Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 8.5 Dumping Registers and Memory to a File Y ou can dump the registers to a file with the “ rd ” command, described in Section 5.1, “Re gister W indow Commands”.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Debug ging 8-9 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L isyms [ filename ] Writes the list of internal variables to filename if gi ven, otherwise to the screen.
8-10 Debug ging Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Files 9-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 9 Command Files The dot (“ . ”) command temporarily redirects command input to the simulator so that input is taken from the file provided as an argument to the command.
9-2 Command Files Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L example of using goto and a label is: loop: ... other commands .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Files 9-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L 9.5 Summary of Command File Commands . filename Executes commands in the gi ven command file. The file is opened and its contents are e xecuted as if they were entered from the ke yboard.
9-4 Command Files Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Reference A-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L A Command Reference In the command descriptions that follow , this face indicates literal text .
A-2 Command Reference Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L cated page, including instruction pages. Multiple values may not be supplied. The string may not contain spaces and quoting it is not a workaround.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Reference A-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L df [ count ] Mov e the Data W indow forward count lines or one windo wful if no count is gi ven. See “Data W indow Commands” on page 5-5. dh Display Data W indow contents in he xadecimal format.
A-4 Command Reference Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L isyms [ filename ] Write internal symbols to the screen or to the file giv en by filename .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Command Reference A-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L the last line of the old window is displayed as the first line of the ne w windo w . ( ski only) See “ski Register W indow Commands” on page 5-1.
A-6 Command Reference Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-P ackar d Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L ur ski : Sho w the user registers (Predicate Registers, Branch Re gisters, Application Registers, Instruction Pointer , User Mask) in the Register W indow .
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Register Names B-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L B Register Names IA-64 registers are fully described in other documents.
B-2 Register Names Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L eflags.df IA-32 Direction Flag bit eflags.id IA-32 ID Flag bit eflags.if IA-32 Interruption Flag bit eflags.iopl IA-32 I/O Privile ge Lev el bit eflags.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L fpsr .sf2.pc IA-64 FPSR Status Field 2, Precision control bits fpsr .sf2.rc IA-64 FPSR Status Field 2, Rounding control bits fpsr .sf2.v IA-64 FPSR Status Field 2, IEEE In valid Operation status bit fpsr .
B-4 Register Names Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L ldtd IA-32 Local Descriptor T able Descriptor lid IA-64 Local Interrupt ID lrr0-lrr1 IA-64 Local R.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L psr .tb IA-64 PSR T aken Branch trap bit psr .um IA-64 PSR User Mask bits psr .up IA-64 PSR User Performance monitor enable bit pta IA-64 Page T able Address r0, r1, … r127 IA-64 General Registers r0.
B-6 Register Names Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Internal V ariable Names C-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L C Internal V ariable Names Ski has one combined symbol table for registers and internal v ariables. (See Section 4.4.2.2, “Registers” and Section 4.
C-2 Internal V ariable Names Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Simulator Status and Err or Messages D-1 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L D Sim ulator Status and Error Messa ges The following is a description of some of the status and error messages which can be produced by the simulator .
D-2 Simulator Status and Err or Messages Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Breakpoint #%d wasn’t set Y ou used the bd command to delete a specific breakpoint but that breakpoint doesn’ t exist. Did you specify the right breakpoint? Use the bl command to list the breakpoints.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Simulator Status and Err or Messages D-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L missions are wrong or a remote file has suddenly become inaccessible? See “The Program W indow” on page 3-6 and the discussion of the pm command in “Program Windo w Commands” on page 5-2.
D-4 Simulator Status and Err or Messages Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L help: Unknown command: %s Y ou asked Ski to tell you about a particular command b ut the command you asked for doesn’t e xist.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Simulator Status and Err or Messages D-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Missing ELF header See “File size > Memory size” on page D-3.
D-6 Simulator Status and Err or Messages Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Not an IA-64 file See “File size > Memory size” on page D-3.
Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Simulator Status and Err or Messages D-7 Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Reserved r egister/field fault Y our IA-64 application-mode program tried to access a reserved re gister or portion of a register .
D-8 Simulator Status and Err or Messages Copyright © 2000 He wlett-Pac kard Co. Ski IA-64 Simulator Ref erence Manual 1.0L Unable to open console window Y our system-mode program tried to open a console with the appropriate Simulator System Call but Ski w asn’t able to spawn the corresponding xterm program.
デバイスHP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64の購入後に（又は購入する前であっても）重要なポイントは、説明書をよく読むことです。その単純な理由はいくつかあります：
HP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64をまだ購入していないなら、この製品の基本情報を理解する良い機会です。まずは上にある説明書の最初のページをご覧ください。そこにはHP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64の技術情報の概要が記載されているはずです。デバイスがあなたのニーズを満たすかどうかは、ここで確認しましょう。HP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64の取扱説明書の次のページをよく読むことにより、製品の全機能やその取り扱いに関する情報を知ることができます。HP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64で得られた情報は、きっとあなたの購入の決断を手助けしてくれることでしょう。
HP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64を既にお持ちだが、まだ読んでいない場合は、上記の理由によりそれを行うべきです。そうすることにより機能を適切に使用しているか、又はHP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64の不適切な取り扱いによりその寿命を短くする危険を犯していないかどうかを知ることができます。
ですが、ユーザガイドが果たす重要な役割の一つは、HP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64に関する問題の解決を支援することです。そこにはほとんどの場合、トラブルシューティング、すなわちHP (Hewlett-Packard) IA-64デバイスで最もよく起こりうる故障・不良とそれらの対処法についてのアドバイスを見つけることができるはずです。たとえ問題を解決できなかった場合でも、説明書にはカスタマー・サービスセンター又は最寄りのサービスセンターへの問い合わせ先等、次の対処法についての指示があるはずです。
