NetopiaメーカーR3100の使用説明書/サービス説明書
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Net opia ™ R3100 ISDN Routers User’s Refer ence Guide.
C o p yright Copyright 1997 - 98, Netopia, Inc. v .0300 All rights reser ved. Printed in the U.S.A. This manual and any associated ar twork, software and pr oduct designs are copyrighted with all rights reser ved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or par t, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc.
G B Configuration options for your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router ............ 1 1. Small Of fice connection to the Inter net ........................... 2 2. Small Of fice connection to the Inter net ........................... 3 3. Direct Connection to a Corporate Of fice (T elecommuter) .
ii User’ s Reference Guide Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers ......................................................... 3-10 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers ........ 3-14 Chapter 4 — Connecting Y our Local Ar ea Network .
Contents iii G IP Easy Setup ...................................................... 7-9 Easy Setup Security............................................ 7-10 Configuring Frame Relay ............................................... 7-11 Easy Setup Frame Relay screens .
iv User’ s Reference Guide Advanced calling features ............................................... 9-5 Line provisioning .................................................. 9-5 Configuring supplementar y ser vices ...................... 9-6 Chapter 10 — Call Accounting and Default Answer Pr ofile .
Contents v G IPX address ....................................................... 12-2 Socket .............................................................. 12-2 Routing Infor mation Protocol (RIP) ....................... 12-2 Ser vice Adver tising Protocol (SAP) .
vi User’ s Reference Guide SNMP traps ..................................................... 14-14 Chapter 15 — Security ........................................................... 15-1 Suggested security measures ..................................
Contents vii G Using the SecurID token card ............................ 15-37 Security authentication components .................. 15-38 Configuring for security authentication ............... 15-38 Connecting using security authentication ........
viii User’ s Reference Guide Appendix B — Setting Up T elco Ser vices ................................... B-1 Obtaining an ISDN line ................................................... B-1 Finding an ISDN ser vice provider ........................
Contents ix G Nested IP subnets ....................................................... E-10 Broadcasts.................................................................. E-12 Packet header types ........................................... E-12 Appendix F — Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior .
x User’ s Reference Guide Appendix J — Binar y Conversion T able ....................................... J-1 Appendix K — Fur ther Reading .................................................. K-1 Appendix L — T echnical Specifications and Safety Information .
Configuration options for your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router can be used in dif ferent ways depending on your needs. In general, you will probably want to use it in one or mor e of the following ways: (Click on one of these links) ■ “1.
1. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Of fice connections to the Inter net, using a single dynamic IP address with Network Address T ranslation (NA T) enabled, you should use the following configuration option: ■ the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R3100 CD.
2. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Of fice connections to the Inter net, using a block of IP addresses (Network Addr ess T ranslation disabled), you use both of the following configuration tools: ■ the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R3100 CD.
3. Dir ect Connection to a Corporate Office (T elecommuter) For direct connections to a Corporate Of fice, you can use either one of two configuration options: ■ the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instr uctions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the Smar tStar t Wizard” on page 3-3 .
4. Configured to accept incoming dial-up connections T o configure the Netopia R3100 to accept incoming dial-up connections, you should use the following configuration option: ■ use the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, to configure your outbound connection to an ISP .
5. Configured for IDSL If you have the Netopia R3100-I IDSL model you can use either one of two configuration options: ■ the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instr uctions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the Smar tStar t Wizard” on page 3-3 .
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I : : : : G G G G e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g S S S S t t t t a a a a r r r r t t t t e e e e d d d d.
User’ s Reference Guide.
Introduction 1-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 II I I n n n n t t t t r r r r o o o o d d d d u u u u c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n Overview The Netopia R310.
1-2 User’ s Reference Guide per-profile statistics ■ Console-based T elnet client ■ UNIX syslog client ■ Status lights (LEDs) for easy monitoring and troubleshooting ■ Smar tStar t™ Wizard softwar e for easy configuration over an Ether net network connection.
Making the Physical Connections 2-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 2 2 2 2 M M M M a a a a k k k k ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e P P P P h h h h y y y y s s s.
2-2 User’ s Reference Guide Acrobat® Reader for Windows and Macintosh, ZT erm ter minal emulator software and NCSA T elnet 2.6 for Macintosh Y ou will need: ■ A Windows 95, 98, or NT-based PC or a Macintosh with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia R3100.
Making the Physical Connections 2-3 Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Back Panel Ports The figure below displays the back of the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router (models R3100-S, SP , U, UP). Netopia R3100 ISDN Router back panel (models R3100 -S, SP , U, and UP) Note: For simplicity , the remainder of this manual uses the figure above to illustrate connections.
2-4 User’ s Reference Guide The following table describes all the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router back panel por ts. Por t Description Power por t A mini-DIN8 power adapter cable connection. Line or T elco por t A telephone-style jack labelled “T elco1” or “Line” for your WAN connection.
Making the Physical Connections 2-5 * Note: Users in the United Kingdom may need to obtain a special US-to-UK style modular connector adapter . Suitable adapters are available as follows: 2 Phone por .
2-6 User’ s Reference Guide Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Status Lights The figure below r epresents the Netopia R3100 status light (LED) panel. Netopia R3100 LED front panel The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors: When this happens.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 3 3 3 3 S S S S e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g u u u u p p p p y y y y o o.
3-2 User’ s Reference Guide Before running SmartStart Be sure you have connected the cables and power sour ce as described in Step 1 “Connect the Router” guide contained in your Netopia folio.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-3 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard The Smar tStar t Wizard is tailor ed for your platfor m, but it works the same way on either a PC or a Macintosh. Inser t the Netopia CD, and in the desktop navigation screen that appears, launch the Smar tStar t Wizar d application.
3-4 User’ s Reference Guide Easy option When the test succeeds, Smar tStar t indicates success. If the test fails, the wizard displays an er r or screen. If the test fails, check the following: ■ Check your cable connections. Be sure you have connected the r outer and the computer properly , using the cor rect cables.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-5 Smar tStar t. See the on-line User’s Reference Guide for instr uctions. When the test is successful, Smar tStar t presents you with a dif ferent scr een, depending on the type of router you are configuring.
3-6 User’ s Reference Guide ■ If you are configuring an ISDN or a Dual Analog r outer , you will see the “Manual or Automated Connection Profile scr een,” shown below . If you select ISP Automation , Smar tStar t of fers you the option of choosing one of several Netopia ISP par tners that suppor t the Netopia R3100.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-7 ■ Optionally , an alternate DNS if your ISP pr ovided one If you select Manual Entr y , the “Connection Profile screen,” shown below appears.
3-8 User’ s Reference Guide In most cases, this Smar tStar t configuration is all that you need to get your router up and r unning and connected to the Internet. However, you may want to take advantage of additional features or special configuration options available through the console-based configuration inter face.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-9 Advanced option Router IP Address scr een. If you selected the Advanced option in the “Easy or Advanced options screen” on page 3-4 , Smar tStar t asks you to choose between entering the router’s cur r ent IP address and assigning an IP address to the r outer .
3-10 User’ s Reference Guide Sharing the Connection Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers Configuring TCP/IP on a Windows computer requir es the following: ■ An Ethernet car d (also known as a network adapter) ■ The TCP/IP protocol must be “bound” to the adapter or car d New IP Address scr een.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-11 Dynamic configuration (recommended) If you configure your Netopia R3100 using Smar tStar t, you can accept the dynamic IP addr ess assigned by your router . The Dynamic Host Configuration Pr otocol (DHCP) ser ver , which enables dynamic addr essing, is enabled by default in the router .
3-12 User’ s Reference Guide Static configuration (optional) If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP addr ess, per for m the following: 1. Go to Star t Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Configuration tab.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-13 4. Click OK in this window , and the next window . When pr ompted, reboot the computer . Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configur e other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses.
3-14 User’ s Reference Guide Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers The following is a quick guide to configuring TCP/IP for MacOS computers. Configuring TCP/IP in a Macintosh computer requir es the following: ■ Y ou must have either Open T ranspor t or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-15 Static configuration (optional) 3. In the TCP/IP window or in the MacTCP/More window , select or type information into the fields as shown in the following table. 4. Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings.
3-16 User’ s Reference Guide Dynamic configuration using MacIP (optional) If you want to use MacIP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleT alk feature set kit.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-17 Using Classic Networking (MacTCP) 1. Go to the Apple Menu. Select Control Panels and then Network . 2. In the Network window , select EtherT alk . 3. Go back to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then MacTCP .
3-18 User’ s Reference Guide.
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 4-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 4 4 4 4 C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g Y Y Y Y o o o o u.
4-2 User’ s Reference Guide Readying computers on your local network PC and Macintosh computers must have cer tain components installed before they can communicate thr ough the Netopia R3100. The following illustration shows the minimal requir ements for a typical PC or Macintosh computer .
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 4-3 Connecting to an Ethernet network The Netopia R3100 suppor ts Ethernet connections thr ough its eight Ether net por ts. The Router automatically detects which Ethernet por t is in use. Y ou can connect either 10Base-T or 10/100 Ether net networks to the Netopia R3100.
4-4 User’ s Reference Guide If you have more than eight devices to connect, you can attach additional devices using either a 10Base-T hub or an EtherW ave daisy chain, or some combination of both.
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 4-5 Remote console Y ou may want to add an exter nal modem to your Auxiliar y por t. Remote modem ter minal emulator setups can dial in to the modem line and establish a remote console session. This allows an administrator with the appropriate security to r emotely configure your r outer for you.
4-6 User’ s Reference Guide Connecting to a LocalT alk network If you have purchased the AppleT alk Kit (par t number TER/A TI), you can also connect the Router to an AppleT alk network that uses either Ethernet or LocalT alk. Refer to the sheet of optional featur e set add-ons in your Netopia R3100 documentation folio.
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 4-7 Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling Note: Make sure you do not connect your LocalT alk network to a T elco por t or a POTS (Phone 1 and 2) por t. For detailed configuration instr uctions see “AppleT alk Setup” on page 13-1 .
4-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
SmartView 5-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 5 5 5 5 S S S S m m m m a a a a r r r r t t t t V V V V ii i i e e e e w w w w This chapter discusses Smar tView , the Netopia R3100’s device and network web-based monitoring tool.
5-2 User’ s Reference Guide Navigating SmartV iew Y ou access the Smar tView monitor by launching your web br owser and entering the URL: http:// router_IP_Addr ess /smar tview .html where r outer_IP_address is the address of your r outer . The default addr ess is 198.
SmartView 5-3 Connection Pr ofiles page The Connection Profiles page displays the cur r ently active Connection Profile, and any alter nate pr ofiles you may have created. Y ou can switch from one Connection Pr ofile to another by disconnecting from one, and connecting to another .
5-4 User’ s Reference Guide The router’s event histories ar e str uctured to display the most r ecent events first, and to make it easy to distinguish er ror messages fr om infor mational messages. Er r or messages are pr efixed with an asterisk.
SmartView 5-5 Standard HTML web-based monitoring pages Y ou can also view connection pr ofile infor mation and event histories in the Web-based monitoring pages. These pages are pr ovided for users without Java-enabled browsers. Unlike the Smar tView pages, they ar e not dynamically updated.
5-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
Console-based Management 6-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 6 6 6 6 C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e - - - - b b b b a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d M M .
6-2 User’ s Reference Guide Note about screen dif ferences. Netopia R3100 models of fering dif fer ent feature sets will have variations in the fields on cer tain screens.
Console-based Management 6-3 Before you can access the console scr eens through T elnet, you must have: ■ a network connection locally to the router or IP access to the r outer through the WAN por t. This could be the same connection as the one you used with Smar tStar t and the "Easy" path.
6-4 User’ s Reference Guide T o connect the Netopia R3100 to your computer for serial console communication, use the supplied dual console cable connector end appropriate to your platfor m: ■ one .
Console-based Management 6-5 Navigating thr ough the console scr eens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia R3100’s configuration scr eens, enter and edit infor mation, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console scr eens.
6-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
Easy Setup 7-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 7 7 7 7 E E E E a a a a s s s s y y y y S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router.
7-2 User’ s Reference Guide A screen similar to the following appears: If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: ■ the computer used to view the console screen has its serial por t connected to the Netopia R3100’s “Console” por t or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ether net por ts.
Easy Setup 7-3 Beginning Easy Setup T o begin Easy Setup, select Easy Setup in the Main Menu, then press Retur n. The Easy Setup screen appears. For an IDSL r outer , skip to “IDSL Easy Setup” on page 7-6 .
7-4 User’ s Reference Guide IDSL, CMN if your leased line ser vice provider uses Copper Mountain equipment (this is the default for model R3100-I) Note: The Switch Type, SPIDs, and Director y Numbers apply only to Switched ISDN ser vice. If you select either IDSL option, these fields are not displayed.
Easy Setup 7-5 already detected the switch type automatically . If you know your switch type, you can choose CANCEL and select one of the other options manually . If the switch type has alr eady been detected, the screen (as shown on page 7-3 ) will so indicate.
7-6 User’ s Reference Guide If the router detected your SPIDs successfully , the screen (as shown on page 7-3 ) displays them and indicates “Pass,” meaning that the entered SPIDs initialized. If the SPIDs ar e entered incor r ectly , the fields will remain blank and the scr een will indicate “Fail.
Easy Setup 7-7 Choose your Data Link Encapsulation method. Frame Relay is the default. The choice of Frame relay or A TM FUNI depends infor mation supplied to you by your DSL ser vice provider.
7-8 User’ s Reference Guide When using numbered inter faces, the Netopia Router will use its local WAN IP address and subnet mask to send packets to the remote r outer . Both routers have WAN IP addresses and subnet masks associated with the connection.
Easy Setup 7-9 IP Easy Setup The IP Easy Setup screen is wher e you enter infor mation about your Netopia Router’s: ■ IP address ■ Subnet mask ■ Default gateway IP address ■ Domain name ser .
7-10 User’ s Reference Guide 5. The Default IP Gateway defaults to the remote IP address you enter ed in the Easy Setup connection profile. If the Netopia Router does not r ecognize the destination of any IP traf fic, it for war ds that traf fic to this gateway – set to 127.
Easy Setup 7-11 The final step in configuring the Easy Setup console screens is to r estar t the Netopia R3100, so the configuration settings take ef fect. 1. Select REST ART DEVICE . A prompt asks you to confir m your choice. 2. Select CONTINUE to restar t the Netopia Router and have your selections take ef fect.
7-12 User’ s Reference Guide Easy Setup Frame Relay scr eens For IDSL routers, Frame Relay encapsulation is the default. Main Menu Easy Setup ISDN Easy Setup ISDN Easy Setup Circuit Type.
Easy Setup 7-13 W AN Configuration Frame Relay screens The ISDN Line Configuration menu also of fers the options of either PPP , HDLC, or Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation method. For IDSL routers, Frame Relay is the default. Main Menu ISDN Line Conf iguration WA N Conf iguration WA N Setup ISDN Line Configuration Circuit Type.
7-14 User’ s Reference Guide Frame Relay configuration If you chose Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation type you can now configure the Frame Relay options. From the WAN Configuration screen, select W AN Setup , then select the Frame Relay Configuration option and press Retur n.
Easy Setup 7-15 Note: The default configuration for the model R3100-I is No LMI as an LMI Type and DLCI 16 is statically configured. This is appr opriate for cur rent versions of the Copper Mountain DSLAM fir mwar e.
7-16 User’ s Reference Guide Note: Some Frame Relay ser vice providers allow for over-subscription of the DLCIs, which occurs when the total number of CIRs for all PVCs exceeds the line rate setup. 3. Select Congestion Management Enabled and toggle to Ye s or No depending on whether you use this selection.
Easy Setup 7-17 T o go to the Frame Relay DLCI configuration scr een, select Frame Relay DLCI Configuration in the W AN Configuration screen. Displaying a Frame Relay DLCI configuration table T o display a view-only table of the Frame Relay DLCIs, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Configuration screen, and pr ess Return.
7-18 User’ s Reference Guide Changing a Frame Relay DLCI configuration T o modify a Frame Relay DLCI configuration, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Configuration screen. Select a DLCI Name from the table and pr ess Return to go to the Change DLCI screen.
Easy Setup 7-19 Adding a Frame Relay DLCI configuration T o add a new Frame Relay DLCI, select Add DLCI in the Frame Relay DLCI Configuration screen and pr ess Return. The Add DLCI scr een appears. 1. Select DLCI Name and enter a name for this individual Frame Relay DLCI profile.
7-20 User’ s Reference Guide Identifier). The setting defaults to 64000, but you may modify the committed burst size by toggling the selection in the Use Default field to No . Y ou can then enter a dif fer ent committed burst size in the V alue field.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I : : : : A A A A d d d d v v v v a a a a n n n n c c c c e e e e d d d d C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii .
User’ s Reference Guide.
W AN and System Configuration 8-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 8 8 8 8 W W W W A A A A N N N N a a a a n n n n d d d d S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m C C C.
8-2 User’ s Reference Guide The Add Connection Profile screen appears. On a Netopia R3100 ISDN Router you can add up to 15 more connection pr ofiles, for a total of 16. A Netopia R3100 IDSL Router can only use one at a time. 1. Select Profile Name and enter a name for this connection pr ofile.
W AN and System Configuration 8-3 4. T oggle or enter any IP Parameters you r equire and r eturn to the Add Connection Pr ofile screen by pr essing Escape. For more infor mation, see “IP Setup and Network Addr ess T ranslation” on page 11-1 . 5.
8-4 User’ s Reference Guide 7. Select Datalink Options and press Retur n. The Datalink Options screen appears. Y ou can accept the defaults, or change them if you wish. Y ou can also specify user name and password for both outgoing and incoming calls.
W AN and System Configuration 8-5 8. Select T elco Options and pr ess retur n. the T elco Options scr een appears. Note : For IDSL routers, which do not initiate dial-up connections, this option does not appear . Select Dial and press Retur n. A pop-up menu appears.
8-6 User’ s Reference Guide If you want to view the Connection Profiles in your r outer , retur n to the WAN Configuration screen, and select Display/Change Connection Profile . The list of Connection Pr ofiles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen.
W AN and System Configuration 8-7 When using Frame Relay datalink encapsulation on a per manent circuit, you may r equire that the frame r elay DLCIs explicitly match up to your connection profile, or you may allow your Frame Relay network to automatically confir m this by using the Default Profile.
8-8 User’ s Reference Guide IP parameters (default profile) scr een The IP Parameters (Default Profile) scr een allows you to configure various IP parameters for IDSL connections established with.
W AN and System Configuration 8-9 If you choose to transmit RIP , the TX RIP Policy pop up menu appears. Y ou can select Poison Reverse (the default), Split Horizon , or No Split Horizon . ■ Poison Reverse speeds conver gence but adds to network over head.
8-10 User’ s Reference Guide IPX parameters (default pr ofile) scr een The IPX Parameters (Default Profile) scr een allows you to configure various IPX parameters for IDSL connections established without an explicitly configured connection pr ofile: For details on setting up IPX Parameters see “IPX Setup” on page 12-1 .
W AN and System Configuration 8-11 By default, the auxiliar y por t is enabled for an asynchronous modem. Y ou can disable the por t by selecting Unused , or if you have installed the optional AppleT alk Kit, LocalT alk becomes the default. For more infor mation, see Chapter 13, “AppleT alk Setup.
8-12 User’ s Reference Guide The console screen will open to the Main Menu , similar to the screen shown below: System Configuration featur es Smar tStar t may be all you need to configure your Netopia R3100.
W AN and System Configuration 8-13 through System Configuration. T o access the System Configuration scr eens, select System Configuration in the Main Menu, then press Return.
8-14 User’ s Reference Guide The System Configuration screen appears: Network Pr otocols Setup These screens allow you to configur e your network’s use of the standard networking pr otocols: ■ IP: details are given in “IP Setup and Network Addr ess T ranslation” on page 11-1 .
W AN and System Configuration 8-15 Select Date and Time in the System Configuration screen and pr ess Retur n to go to the Set Date and Time screen. Follow these steps to set the system’s date and time: 1. Select Current Date and enter the date in the appr opriate for mat.
8-16 User’ s Reference Guide Console Configuration Y ou can change the default ter minal communications parameters to suit your r equirements. T o go to the Console Configuration scr een, select Console Configuration in the System Configuration screen.
W AN and System Configuration 8-17 See the release notes that came with your r outer or feature set upgrade or visit the Netopia web site at www .netopia.com for infor mation on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia R3100.
8-18 User’ s Reference Guide ignored. ■ Y ou can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically . When enabled, it will repor t any appr opriate and previously unr epor ted events. ■ Y ou can specify the syslog ser ver’s addr ess either in dotted decimal for mat or as a DNS name up to 63 characters.
Using SmartPhone for T elephone Ser vices 9-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 9 9 9 9 U U U U s s s s ii i i n n n n g g g g S S S S m m m m a a a a r r r r t t t t P P P P h h.
9-2 User’ s Reference Guide From the System Configuration scr een select T elephone Setup . The T elephone setup scr een appears. Select T elephone Connections . The T elephone connections screen appears. The T elephone Connections scr een is divided into two categories, Inbound and Outbound.
Using SmartPhone for T elephone Ser vices 9-3 director y number to use and what kind of transmission ser vice to use. T o configur e telephone connections: 1.
9-4 User’ s Reference Guide Defining priority ringing Priority ringing allows a distinctive ring to be attached to up to 10 incoming caller identifications. For example, a United Kingdom-style ringing pattern can be used to identify calls originating fr om your home number .
Using SmartPhone for T elephone Ser vices 9-5 Advanced calling features The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router suppor ts call hold, call retrieve and the Flexible Call Of fering (FCO) features known as Conference, Dr op, and T ransfer . This allows multiple ser vices to be per for med using only the hook-switch as an activator .
9-6 User’ s Reference Guide Configuring supplementary ser vices Y ou set up supplementar y ser vices in the Supplementar y Ser vices screen. Fr om the Main Menu go to System Configuration and then T elephone Setup. Select Supplementar y Ser vices and press Retur n.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 C C C C a a a a ll l l ll l l A A A A c c c c c c c c o o o o u u u u n n n n t.
10-2 User’ s Reference Guide T o enable call accounting, follow these steps: 1. Select Enable Call Accounting and toggle it to On . 2. Select Day for auto-reset of timers and enter the day of the month for the Router to reset the Call Account- ing Statistics.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-3 The Call Accounting Statistics screen appears. If you select Aggregate Statistics , the following scr een appears. ■ T otal First Minutes displays the total number of first minutes of outbound calls placed during the recor ding inter val.
10-4 User’ s Reference Guide enabled, the message will read, Call Accounting Disabled. ■ Y ou can r eset the counters by selecting RESET AGGREGA TE MINUTE COUNTERS . A dialog box will ask you to confir m the reset. Select CONTINUE to r eset the counters or CANCEL to leave them as is.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-5 V iewing scheduled connections T o display a table of view-only scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one r ow of the table.
10-6 User’ s Reference Guide The other columns show: ■ The time of day that the connection will Begin At ■ The duration of the connection ( HH:MM ) ■ Whether it’s a recur ring Weekly connection or used Once Only ■ Which connection profile ( Conn.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-7 demand call on the line. ■ Demand-Allowed , meaning that this schedule will per mit a demand call on the line. ■ Demand-Blocked , meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line. ■ Periodic , meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time.
10-8 User’ s Reference Guide Set Once-Only Schedule If you set How Often to Once Only , select Set Once-Only Schedule and go to the Set Once-Only Schedule screen. ■ Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the for mat MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day , year).
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-9 the Add Scheduled Connection screen without saving the new scheduled connection. Modifying a scheduled connection T o modify a scheduled connection, select Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections.
10-10 User’ s Reference Guide Customizing the default profile Y ou can customize the Netopia Router’s default pr ofile in the Default Answer Profile scr een under the W AN Configuration menu. 1. Select Default Answer Profile in the WAN Configuration screen.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-11 CNA works by checking the calling number that the Netopia Router receives during the initial setup phase of an incoming call against a set of stored numbers. Each number in the stor ed set is defined in a specific connection profile.
10-12 User’ s Reference Guide If a remote network has a non-standar d mask (that is, it uses subnetting), the only way for it to successfully connect to the Netopia Router is by matching a connection profile. In other wor ds, you will have to set up a connection profile for that network.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II I I P P P P S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p a a a a n n n n d d d d N .
11-2 User’ s Reference Guide Network Address T ranslation works by remapping the sour ce IP addr ess of traf fic from the LAN to a single static or dynamically assigned IP address shown to the r emote side of the router . The feature can be implemented on a per Connection Pr ofile basis.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-3 Using Network Addr ess T ranslation The following procedur e describes how to use Network Address T ranslation. 1. Pick a network number for your local network (refer r ed to as the inter nal network). This can be any IP address range you want.
11-4 User’ s Reference Guide Profile scr een. Y ou access the Addr ess T ranslation option from the IP Pr ofile Parameters menu. Select the Local W AN IP Address field. The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addressing, meaning that your ISP assigns an addr ess each time you connect.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-5 Internal users can access the Inter net as they always do; the exter nal Inter net, however , views all traf fic fr om the internal network as originating fr om 192.163.100.6. Similarly , all traf fic your network r eceives is addressed to 192.
11-6 User’ s Reference Guide expor ted, you can have Web ser vers on two dif fer ent IP hosts. ■ If you will be using multiple Connection Profiles, define the r emote IP address of the most accessible profile, such as that for your ISP , to the default IP gateway in the TCP/IP settings on users’ workstations.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-7 Follow these steps to configure IP Setup for your Netopia R3100: ■ Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP addr ess for the Netopia R3100’s Ethernet por t. ■ Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask for the Ethernet IP Addr ess that you entered in the last step.
11-8 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select Add Expor t . The Add Expor ted Ser vice screen appears. ■ Select Ser vice . A pop-up menu of ser vices and por ts appears. 5. Select any of the ser vices/por ts and press Retur n to associate it with the addr ess of a ser ver on your local area network.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-9 Press the Escape key when you ar e finished configuring Expor ted Ser vices to go back to the IP Setup screen. Follow these steps to configure IP Setup for your Netopia R3100: ■ Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP addr ess for the Netopia R3100’s Ethernet por t.
11-10 User’ s Reference Guide Netopia R3100 will accept routing infor mation pr ovided by RIP packets from other r outers that use dif fer ent subnet masks. ■ If you want the Netopia R3100 to adver tise its routing table to other r outers via RIP , select Transmit RIP and select v1 , v2 (broadcast) , or v2 (multicast) from the popup menu.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-11 par ticular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask field in that row . For example: ■ T o delete a configur ed subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly or by clearing each field and pressing Retur n or Enter to commit the change.
11-12 User’ s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ether net IP subnets, the IP Setup screen changes slightly: The IP address and Subnet mask items ar e hidden, and the “Define Additional Subnets...” item becomes “Subnet Configuration.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-13 Viewing static r outes T o display a view-only table of static r outes, select Display/Change Static Route in the Static Routes screen. The table has the following columns: Dest. Network: The network IP address of the destination network.
11-14 User’ s Reference Guide Priority: An indication whether the Netopia R3100 will use the static route when it conflicts with infor mation received fr om RIP packets. Enabled: An indication whether the static route should be installed in the IP r outing table.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-15 Metric appears below Adver tise Route Via RIP . With RIP Metric you set the number of routers, fr om 1 to 15, between the sending router and the destination router . The maximum number of r outers on a packet’s route is 15.
11-16 User’ s Reference Guide IP addr ess serving In addition to being a router , the Netopia R3100 is also an IP addr ess ser ver . Ther e are four pr otocols it can use to distribute IP addresses.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-17 T o go to the IP Addr ess Ser ving screen, select IP Addr ess Ser ving in the System Configuration screen and press Retur n.
11-18 User’ s Reference Guide Address Ser ving is enabled. DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia R3100 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS infor mation.
IP Setup and Network Address T ranslation 11-19 toggle it to Ye s . ■ From the NetBIOS Type pop-up menu, select the type of NetBIOS used on your network. ■ T o ser ve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Ser ve NetBIOS Scope and toggle it to Ye s .
11-20 User’ s Reference Guide Note: Macintosh computers that have LocalT alk or EtherT alk selected in the MacTCP contr ol panel, or “AppleT alk (MacIP)” selected in the TCP/IP control panel, must use the MacIP gateway to communicate with the Internet or any other IP network.
IPX Setup 12-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 II I I P P P P X X X X S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the network pr otocol used by Novell NetW ar e networks. This chapter shows you how to configure the Netopia R3100 for r outing data using IPX.
12-2 User’ s Reference Guide IPX addr ess An IPX address consists of a network number , a node number , and a socket number . An IPX network number is composed of eight hexadecimal digits. The network number must be the same for all nodes on a par ticular physical network segment.
IPX Setup 12-3 The following is a list of common SAP ser ver types: NetBIOS NetBIOS is a protocol that per for ms tasks related to the T ranspor t and Session layers of the OSI model. It can operate over IPX, using a special broadcast packet known as “IPX Packet type 20” to communicate with IPX NetBIOS ser vers.
12-4 User’ s Reference Guide T o go to the IPX Setup scr een, from the Main Menu select System Configuration and then select Network Protocols Setup and then select IPX Setup . 1. T o enable IPX r outing, select IPX Routing , toggle it to On , and press Retur n.
IPX Setup 12-5 Note: The Default Gateway Address is usually set up to match the IPX Addr ess in your network Connection Profile. 8. T o configur e filters and filter sets, select Filters and Filter Sets and go to the IPX filters and filter sets screens.
12-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
AppleT alk Setup 13-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 A A A A p p p p p p p p ll l l e e e e T T T T a a a a ll l l k k k k S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p .
13-2 User’ s Reference Guide T o install the AppleT alk featur es from the Main Menu, go to System Configuration and select Upgrade Feature Set . The Netopia Feature Set Upgrade scr een appears. Follow the instr uctions to enable AppleT alk on your router.
AppleT alk Setup 13-3 Each computer or peripheral device (printer , client, file ser ver) connected to a network is called a node and has a unique node address , which can be any number fr om 1 to 254.
13-4 User’ s Reference Guide A router has multiple communications por ts and is capable of for war ding infor mation to other r outers and devices on the internet. The r outer per for ms packet for warding, network and device addr ess maintenance, and other administrative functions requir ed by the AppleT alk pr otocols.
AppleT alk Setup 13-5 Routers and seeding T o configur e AppleT alk networks, you must understand the concept of seeding . Seeding is the process by which routers (or mor e specifically , router por ts) agree on what r outing infor mation is valid.
13-6 User’ s Reference Guide Configuring AppleT alk Y ou can configur e AppleT alk basic ser vices through the Easy Setup scr een in the Main Menu.
AppleT alk Setup 13-7 EtherT alk Setup T o go to the EtherT alk Setup options scr een, select Network Protocols Setup and then select AppleT alk Setup in the System Configuration screen.
13-8 User’ s Reference Guide of the network number range. Select Net High and enter the upper limit of the range. ■ Select the Seeding pop-up menu and choose the seeding method for the Netopia R3100 to use (see “Routers and seeding” on page 13-5 ).
AppleT alk Setup 13-9 As an alternative, you can set LocalT alk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R3100 r eceive the zone name and network number from the other r outer . ■ Select LocalT alk Network Number and enter the desir ed network number .
13-10 User’ s Reference Guide Site A has an AURP tunnel to site B. Both sides have multiple zones defined on the EtherT alk por t and a unique zone on their LocalT alk por ts.
AppleT alk Setup 13-11 Deleting an AURP partner ■ T o delete an AURP par tner , select Delete Par tner in the AURP Setup scr een and press Retur n to display a table of existing par tners. Use the Up and Down Ar row keys to select an AURP par tner, then press Return to delete it.
13-12 User’ s Reference Guide Raising the tickle packet inter val does not ensure that the AURP tunnel is dr opped or not brought up. If any application on the local network generates AppleT alk traf fic destined for the network at the r emote end of the AURP tunnel, the tunnel remains up.
Monitoring T ools 14-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 M M M M o o o o n n n n ii i i t t t t o o o o r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T o o o o o o o o ll l l s s s s This chapter discusses the Netopia R3100’s device and network monitoring tools.
14-2 User’ s Reference Guide General status Current Date: The cur r ent date; this can be set with the Date and Time utility (see “Date and Time” on page 8-14 ). Default IP Gateway: The router’s default gateway , which may be either manually configured or lear ned via DHCP .
Monitoring T ools 14-3 Curr ent status The cur rent status section is a table showing the cur r ent status of the WAN. For example: Profile Name: Lists the name of the connection pr ofile being used, if any . State: Lists the por ts in use for this connection.
14-4 User’ s Reference Guide Statistics & Logs When you are tr oubleshooting your Netopia R3100, the Statistics & Logs screens pr ovide insight into the recent event activities of the router . From the Main Menu go to Statistics & Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below .
Monitoring T ools 14-5 Physical Interface The top left side of the screen lists total packets r eceived and total packets transmitted for the following data por ts: ■ Ethernet Hub ■ Aux Async or L.
14-6 User’ s Reference Guide W AN Event Histor y The W AN Event Histor y scr een lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. Each entr y in the list contains the following infor mation: Time: Time of the event. Date: Date of the event.
Monitoring T ools 14-7 T o get mor e infor mation about any event listed in the W AN Event Histor y , select the event and then pr ess Return. A dialog box containing mor e infor mation about the selected event will appear . Pr ess Return or Escape to dismiss the dialog box.
14-8 User’ s Reference Guide Each of the routing table scr eens repr esents a “snapshot” of the routing table infor mation at the time the screen is first invoked. T o take a new snapshot, select Update at the bottom of the screen and press Retur n.
Monitoring T ools 14-9 IPX routing table In the Statistics & Logs screen, select IPX Routing T able and press Retur n. The IPX routing table displays all of the IPX r outes cur rently known to the Netopia R3100. IPX Sap Bindery table In the Statistics & Logs screen, select IPX Sap Binder y T able and press Retur n.
14-10 User’ s Reference Guide Def Zone Name: Displays the zone or zones associated with the specified network or network range. The zone name shown is either the only zone or the default zone name for an extended network.
Monitoring T ools 14-11 The IP Address Lease Management scr een appears. This screen has thr ee options: ■ Reset All Leases : Resets all cur rent IP addr esses leased through DHCP without waiting fo.
14-12 User’ s Reference Guide System Information The System Infor mation screen gives a summar y view of the general system level values in the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. From the Statistics & Logs menu select System Information . The System Infor mation scr een appears.
Monitoring T ools 14-13 The SNMP Setup screen From the Main Menu, select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and pr ess Retur n. The SNMP Setup screen appears. Follow these steps to configure the first thr ee items in the screen: 1. Select System Name and enter a descriptive name for the Netopia R3100’s SNMP agent.
14-14 User’ s Reference Guide By default, the read-only and r ead/write community strings are set to “public” and “private,” r espectively . Y ou should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and tr usted system adminis- trators.
Monitoring T ools 14-15 Setting the IP trap receivers 1. Select Add IP Trap Receiver . 2. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name . Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap.
14-16 User’ s Reference Guide.
Security 15-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 S S S S e e e e c c c c u u u u r r r r ii i i t t t t y y y y The Netopia R3100 provides a number of security featur es to help protect its configuration scr eens and your local network from unauthorized access.
15-2 User’ s Reference Guide User accounts When you first set up and configure the Netopia R3100, no passwor ds are r equired to access the configuration screens. Anyone could tamper with the r outer’s configuration by simply connecting it to a console.
Security 15-3 T o display a view-only list of user accounts, select Show Users in the Security Options screen. T o add a new user account, select Add User in the Security Options screen and pr ess Retur n to go to the Add Name With Write Access screen.
15-4 User’ s Reference Guide Enable SmartStart/SmartV iew/Web Server Y ou may wish to r estrict access to the web-based screens to pr event inadver tent switching or connecting and disconnecting of Connection Profiles.
Security 15-5 How filter sets work A filter set acts like a team of customs inspectors. Each filter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass. The inspectors work as a team, but each inspects ever y package individually .
15-6 User’ s Reference Guide If the package does not match the first inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector , and so on. Y ou can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is ver y impor tant.
Security 15-7 How individual filters work As described above, a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions: A filter’ s actions ■ Passes the packet to the local.
15-8 User’ s Reference Guide Port numbers A filter can also match a packet’s por t number attributes, but only if the filter’s protocol type is set to TCP or UDP , since only those pr otocols use por t numbers.
Security 15-9 Greater Than or Equal: For the filter to match, the packet’s por t number must be gr eater than or equal to the por t number specified in the filter . Other filter attributes There ar e three other attributes to each filter: ■ The filter’s order (i.
15-10 User’ s Reference Guide Src. Por t: The sour ce por t to match. This is the por t on the sending host that originated the packet. D. Por t: The destination por t to match. This is the por t on the receiving host for which the packet is intended.
Security 15-11 This four-step process is how we pr oduced the following filter from the original r ule: Filtering example #2 Suppose a filter is configured to block all incoming IP packets with the sour ce IP address of 200.233.14.0, regar dless of the type of connection or its destination.
15-12 User’ s Reference Guide Disadvantages of filters Although using filter sets can greatly enhance network security , there ar e disadvantages: ■ Filters are complex. Combining them in filter sets intr oduces subtle interactions, increasing the likelihood of implementation er rors.
Security 15-13 The procedur e for creating and maintaining filter sets is as follows: 1. Add a new filter set. 2. Create the filters for the new filter set. 3. View , change, or delete individual filters and filter sets. The sections below explain how to execute these steps.
15-14 User’ s Reference Guide Naming a new filter set All new filter sets have a default name. The first filter set you add will be called Filter Set 1, the next filter will be Filter Set 2, and so on. T o give a new filter set a dif ferent name, select Filter Set Name and enter a new name for the filter set.
Security 15-15 Packets in the Netopia R3100 pass through an input filter if they originate in the W AN and through an output filter if they’re being sent out to the W AN. The process for adding input and output filters is exactly the same. The main dif ference between the two involves their refer ence to source and destination .
15-16 User’ s Reference Guide 1. T o make the filter active in the filter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Ye s . If Enabled is toggled to No , the filter can still exist in the filter set, but it will have no ef fect.
Security 15-17 10. When you are finished configuring the filter , select ADD THIS FIL TER NOW to save the filter in the filter set. Select CANCEL to discard the filter .
15-18 User’ s Reference Guide Modifying filter sets T o modify a filter set, select Display/Change Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets. Select a filter set from the list and pr ess Return to go to the Change IP Filter Set scr een.
Security 15-19 The five input filters and one output filter that make up Basic Firewall ar e shown in the table below . Basic Firewall’s filters play the following r oles. Input filters 1 and 2: These block W AN-originated OpenWindows and X-Windows sessions.
15-20 User’ s Reference Guide Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that wish to access ser vers on the WAN, not for a LAN containing ser vers providing ser vices to clients on the WAN. Basic Firewall’s general strategy is to explicitly pass W AN-originated TCP and UDP traf fic to por ts greater than 1023.
Security 15-21 FTP sessions. T o allow WAN-originated FTP sessions to a LAN-based FTP ser ver with the IP addr ess a.b.c.d (cor responding to a number ed IP address such as 163.176.8.243), inser t the following input filter ahead of the cur rent input filter 1: ■ Enabled: Y es ■ For ward: Y es ■ Source IP Addr ess: 0.
15-22 User’ s Reference Guide IPX filters IPX packet filters work ver y similarly to IP packet filters. They filter data traf fic coming fr om or going to remote IPX networks. IPX filters can be set up to pass or discard IPX packets based on a number of user-defined criteria.
Security 15-23 The items in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen ar e grouped into four ar eas: ■ IPX packet filters ■ IPX packet filter sets ■ IPX SAP filters ■ IPX SAP filter sets The following sections explain the items in each of these areas.
15-24 User’ s Reference Guide 1. Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter . 2. T o specify a sour ce network for the filter to match on, select Source Network and enter an IPX network address. 3. T o specify a sour ce node for the filter to match on, select Source Node Addr ess and enter an IPX node address.
Security 15-25 Follow these steps to configure the new packet filter set: 1. Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter set. 2. T o change the for war ding action of filters in the filter set, select Show Filters/Change Action on Match and press Retur n to go to the Show Filters/Change Actions on Match screen.
15-26 User’ s Reference Guide 3. T o add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Retur n to add it to the filter set. The default action of newly added filters is to not for war d packets that match their criteria.
Security 15-27 Adding a SAP filter T o add a new IPX SAP filter , select Add IPX SAP Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen and press Retur n to go to the Add SAP Filter screen. By default, the filter’s socket and type numbers and network and node addresses ar e null (all zeros).
15-28 User’ s Reference Guide Deleting a SAP filter T o delete a SAP filter , select Delete IPX SAP filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets scr een to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and pr ess Return to delete it. Pr ess the Escape key to exit the table without deleting the filter .
Security 15-29 Select a filter and toggle the entr y for war ding action to Ye s (pass) or No (discar d). 3. T o add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Retur n to add it to the filter set.
15-30 User’ s Reference Guide Fir ewall tutorial General Fir ewall T erms Firewall : a component or set of components that r estrict access between a protected network and the Inter net, or between two networks. Host : A workstation on the Network. Packet : Unit of communication on the Internet.
Security 15-31 Example TCP/UDP Ports Fir ewall design rules There ar e two basic r ules to firewall design: ■ “What is not explicitly allowed is denied...” and ■ “What is not explicitly denied is allowed...” The first r ule is far more secur e, and is the best approach to fir ewall design.
15-32 User’ s Reference Guide and a packet goes through these r ules destined for FTP , the packet would pass thr ough the first filter r ule (WWW), match the second r ule (FTP) and the packet is allowed through. Even though the next r ule is to deny all FTP traf fic, the FTP packet will never make it to this r ule.
Security 15-33 Established Connections The TCP header contains one bit called the ACK Bit (or TCP Ack bit). This ACK Bit only appears with TCP , not UDP . The ACK bit is par t of the TCP mechanism that guaranteed the deliver y of data. The ACK bit is set whenever one side of a connection has received data fr om the other side.
15-34 User’ s Reference Guide Example Network Example Filters Example 1 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.28 Less Than Or Equal Any por t less than or equal to the por t defined Eq.
Security 15-35 This incoming IP packet has a source IP addr ess that matches the network address in the Sour ce IP Address field (00000000) in the Netopia R3100. This will NOT for ward this packet. Example 2 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.
15-36 User’ s Reference Guide Since the Source IP Network Addr ess in the Netopia R3100 is 01100000, and the sour ce IP address after the logical AND is 1011000, this r ule does NOT match and this packet will be passed. Example 4 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.
Security 15-37 Since the Source IP Network Addr ess in the Netopia R3100 is 01100000, and the sour ce IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this r ule DOES match and this packet will NOT be passed.
15-38 User’ s Reference Guide The Netopia R3100 suppor ts the following user configurations for security authentication: ■ Single user , calling a single destination (single session) ■ Single u.
Security 15-39 2. Select Send Authentication and press Retur n. From the pop-up menu, highlight P AP-TOKEN or CACHE-TOKEN . Y our network administrator or the r emote network administrator will tell you which method to select. If you select P AP-TOKEN, select Send User Name and enter a name for your Netopia R3100.
15-40 User’ s Reference Guide 1. Select Secure Authentication Monitor and pr ess Return. The Secur e Authentication Monitor screen appears. 2. W ait for the call to initiate. 3. From the fields that appear , select Enter P ASSCODE and press Retur n.
Security 15-41 Note: When using CACHE-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for a time inter val deter mined by the network administrator . When this time inter val expires, you must pr ovide a new passcode for the call negotiation. When using P AP-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for one call negotiation.
15-42 User’ s Reference Guide.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 U U U U t t t t ii i i ll l l ii i i t t t t ii i i e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d D D D.
16-2 User’ s Reference Guide Ping The Netopia R3100 includes a standard Ping test utility . A Ping test generates IP packets destined for a par ticular (Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the tar get host receives a Ping packet, it r etur ns a packet to the original sender .
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-3 While the Ping test is r unning, and when it is over , a status field and a number of statistical items are active on the screen. These ar e described below . Status: The cur rent status of the Ping test. This item can display the following messages: Packets Out: The number of packets sent by the Ping test.
16-4 User’ s Reference Guide Packets Lost: The number of packets unaccounted for , shown in total and as a percentage of total packets sent. This statistic may be updated during the Ping test, and may not be accurate until after the test is over .
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-5 The T elnet client scr een appears. ■ Enter the host name or the IP address in dotted decimal for mat of the machine you want to telnet into and press Retur n. ■ Either accept the default control character "Q" used to suspend the T elnet session, or type a dif ferent one.
16-6 User’ s Reference Guide T o trace a r oute, follow these steps: 1. Select Host Name or IP Address and enter the name or addr ess of the destination you want to trace. 2. Select Maximum hops (1..64) to set the maximum number of r outers to count between the Netopia Router and the destination router , up to the maximum of 64.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-7 Disconnect T elnet Console Session If you want to close your T elnet Console session, select Disconnect T elnet Console Session and pr ess Return. A dialog box appears asking you to cancel or continue your selection. If you select Continue , you will immediately ter minate your session.
16-8 User’ s Reference Guide The sections below describe how to update the Router’s fir mware and how to download and upload configuration files. Updating firmwar e Fir mware updates may be available periodically fr om Netopia or from a site maintained by your or ganization’s network administrator .
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-9 will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new fir mwar e into ef fect. While the system r esets, the LEDs will blink on and of f. Caution! ■ Be sure the fir mwar e update you load onto your router is the cor r ect version for your par ticular model.
16-10 User’ s Reference Guide Uploading a file can also be useful for troubleshooting purposes. The uploaded configuration file can be tested on a dif fer ent Netopia R3100 unit by Netopia or your network administrator . T o upload a configuration file, follow these steps: 1.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-11 1. Make sure you have the fir mwar e file on disk and know the path to its location. 2. Select Send Firmwar e to Netopia and press Retur n. The following dialog box appears: 3. Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file.
16-12 User’ s Reference Guide 3. Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file. If you choose CONTINUE , you will have ten seconds to use your ter minal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-13 ISDN Switch Loopback T est The ISDN loopback test is designed to confir m the existence of a working ISDN line and the proper configuration of cer tain Netopia R3100 ISDN Router parameters. This test is available only on switched ISDN lines.
16-14 User’ s Reference Guide If the loopback test fails Follow these suggestions to track down the reason behind the loopback test’s failur e: ■ Check that the W AN Ready LED is solid gr een. ■ Check the ISDN event log and get more infor mation about events that seem r elevant to the failure.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I II I I : : : : A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x e e e e s s s s.
User’ s Reference Guide.
T r oubleshooting A-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x A A A A T T T T r r r r o o o o u u u u b b b b ll l l e e e e s s s s h h h h o o o o o o o o t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot pr oblems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia R3100.
A-2 User’ s Reference Guide SmartStart T roubleshooting The Status field of the Smar tStar t application will display infor mation and indicate problems as they ar e detected.
T r oubleshooting A-3 Power outages If you suspect that power was restor ed after a power outage, and the Netopia R3100 is connected to a remote site, you may need to switch the Netopia R3100 of f and then back on again. After temporar y power outages, a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected.
A-4 User’ s Reference Guide Phone: 1 800-782-6449 Fax: 1 510-814-5023 Netopia, Inc. Customer Ser vice 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda, California 94501 USA Netopia Bulletin Board Ser vice: 1 510-865-1321 Online product information Product infor mation can be found in the following: Netopia World Wide W eb ser ver via http://www .
Setting Up T elco Ser vices B-1 Appendix B Setting Up T elco Ser vices This chapter describes how to obtain telco ser vices from your telephone ser vice pr ovider .
B-2 User’ s Reference Guide The physical ISDN line Y ou can either conver t an existing analog telephone line to ISDN or install a new ISDN line. In either case, make sure ther e is a wall jack for the line near the location where you intend to install the Netopia Router .
Setting Up T elco Ser vices B-3 Not all telephone ser vice providers ar e aware of IOCs. Even though these pr oviders may not understand IOCs, they will be familiar with the features and parameters that the IOC defines and can pr ovision the ISDN line accordingly .
B-4 User’ s Reference Guide Long-distance ISDN calls (North American models only) If you are inter ested in placing long-distance calls on your Netopia Router , you will want to sign up with a long-distance telephone car rier company that of fers connectivity over ISDN.
Setting Up T elco Ser vices B-5 Completing the ISDN worksheet The following ISDN worksheets are pr ovided for you to enter ISDN account infor mation. For your convenience, you may want to photocopy the appropriate ISDN worksheet, and then complete the copy .
B-6 User’ s Reference Guide ISDN T elco W orksheet for North America 1. ISDN Ser vice Provider (T elephone Company) contact information Name and Address: ____________________________________________.
Setting Up T elco Ser vices B-7 ISDN T elco W orksheet for Outside North America 1. ISDN Ser vice Provider (T elephone Company) contact information Name and Address: __________________________________.
B-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
North American T elco Provisioning for ISDN C-1 Appendix C North American T elco Provisioning for ISDN * While not a 5ESS NI-1 parameter , this feature is suppor ted. This feature is not available on 5ESS custom (Multipoint or Pt-to-Pt). ** Flexible Calling includes Hold, Drop, Confer ence, and T ransfer .
C-2 User’ s Reference Guide.
Setting Up Internet Services D-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x D D D D S S S S e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g U U U U p p p p II I I n n n n t t t t e .
D-2 User’ s Reference Guide Pricing and support Compare pricing, ser vice, and technical suppor t ser vice among various ISPs. ISP’ s Point of presence Check with your ISP for the location of their nearest point of pr esence (POP) in refer ence to your site.
Setting Up Internet Services D-3 Obtaining information from the ISP After your account is set up, the ISP should send you the IP parameter infor mation that will help you to configure the Netopia R3100.
D-4 User’ s Reference Guide Remote W AN IP address information to obtain ■ The telephone number of the ISP’s local or nearby dial-up POP (point-of-presence).
Understanding IP Addressing E-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x E E E E U U U U n n n n d d d d e e e e r r r r s s s s t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d ii i i n n n n g .
E-2 User’ s Reference Guide IP addresses indicate both the identity of the network and the identity of the individual host on the network. The number of bits used for the network number and the number of bits used for the host number can var y , as long as cer tain r ules ar e followed.
Understanding IP Addressing E-3 Subnet masks T o cr eate subnets, the network manager must define a subnet mask, a 32-bit number that indicates which bits in an IP address ar e used for network and subnetwork addresses, and which ar e used for host addresses.
E-4 User’ s Reference Guide Network configuration Below is a diagram of a simple network configuration. The ISP is providing a Class C addr ess to the customer site, and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access thr ough this address. Netopia R3100 B connects to Netopia R3100 A and is provided Inter net access through Routers A and B.
Understanding IP Addressing E-5 Background The IP Addresses and r outing configurations for the devices shown in the diagram are outlined below . In addition, each individual field and its meaning are described.
E-6 User’ s Reference Guide There ar e two schemes for distributing the remaining IP addr esses: ■ Manually give each computer an address ■ Let the Netopia R3100 automatically distribute the add.
Understanding IP Addressing E-7 Configuration This section describes the specific IP address lease, r enew , and release mechanisms for both the Mac and PC, with either DHCP or MacIP address ser ving. DHCP Address Serving Windows 95 Workstation: ■ The Win95 workstation requests and r enews its lease ever y half hour .
E-8 User’ s Reference Guide and ser ver . MacIP Serving Macintosh W orkstation (MacTCP or Open T ranspor t): Once the Mac workstation requests and r eceives a valid address, the Netopia R3100 will actively check for the workstation’s existence once ever y minute.
Understanding IP Addressing E-9 The figure above shows an example of a block of IP addr esses being distributed cor rectly . The example follows these r ules: ■ An IP address must not be used as a static addr ess if it is also in a range of addresses being distributed by DHCP or MacIP .
E-10 User’ s Reference Guide Nested IP subnets Under cer tain situations, you may wish to create r emote subnets from the limited number of IP addr esses issued by your ISP or other authority . Y ou can do this using connection pr ofiles. These subnets can be nested within the range of IP addresses available to your network.
Understanding IP Addressing E-11 Routers B and C (which could also be Netopia R3100s) ser ve the two remote networks that ar e subnets of a.b.c.0. The subnetting is accomplished by configuring the Netopia R3100 with connection profiles for Routers B and C (see the following table).
E-12 User’ s Reference Guide The following diagram illustrates the IP address space taken up by the two r emote IP subnets. Y ou can see fr om the diagram why the ter m nested is appropriate for describing these subnets.
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior F-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x F F F F U U U U n n n n d d d d e e e e r r r r s s s s t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d ii i i n .
F-2 User’ s Reference Guide When the Netopia R3100 establishes a connection over its W AN inter face with another r outer it uses the Point to Point Protocol (PPP).
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior F-3 When the Netopia R3100 receives this IP packet, it can not simply for war d it to the WAN inter face and the Internet since the IP addr esses on the LAN inter face ar e not valid or globally unique for the Inter net.
F-4 User’ s Reference Guide As you can see, when Workstation A and W orkstation B transmit an IP packet to the WWW Ser ver on the Internet, they have unique sour ce IP addr esses on the LAN inter face but potentially the same sour ce por ts, which in this case is 400.
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior F-5 With this infor mation the Netopia R3100 can deter mine the appropriate r outing for an IP response fr om the Internet.
F-6 User’ s Reference Guide Important notes Even with the advantages of NA T , ther e are several things you should note car efully: ■ There is no for mally agr eed upon method among router vendors to handle an all-zer os IPCP request.
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior F-7 T oggling Addr ess T ranslation Enabled to Y es enables the Netopia R3100 to send out an all-zer os IPCP address that requests an IP to be assigned to the Netopia R3100’s WAN inter face. Note that the r emote IP address is 127.
F-8 User’ s Reference Guide Within Expor ted Ser vices is a pop-up containing a list of well known TCP and UDP ser vices that can be redir ected to a single host on the Netopia R3100’s LAN inter face. There is also an “Other ...” option which allows for manual configuration of additional TCP or UDP por ts.
Understanding Frame Relay G-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x G G G G U U U U n n n n d d d d e e e e r r r r s s s s t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d ii i i n n n n g g .
G-2 User’ s Reference Guide Committed Information Rate (CIR) The Committed Infor mation Rate is a tool your Frame Relay ser vice provider uses to manage your PVCs. The CIR measures the average amount of nor mal priority data your Frame Relay network will attempt to deliver in a given time inter val.
Understanding Frame Relay G-3 B c = Committed burst B e = Excess burst CIR = Committed infor mation rate T o = Beginning of inter val T c = Inter val B c /CIR Addr essing The logical address of a PVC is called the data link connection identifier (DLCI).
G-4 User’ s Reference Guide Encapsulation and Fragmentation RFC 1490 describes an encapsulation method for car r ying packets acr oss a Frame Relay network. All protocol packets are encapsulated within a Q.922 Annex A frame (a CCITT specification for data frames).
Understanding Frame Relay G-5 Note that the four routers above ar e connected in a par tial mesh, all on the same IP network (1.0.0.0/24). Router 1 and router 2 cannot communicate dir ectly , because there is no PVC between them. However , they can communicate via router 3 or r outer 4.
G-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
Event Histories H-1 Appendix H Event Histories This appendix is a list of some of the events that can appear in the Netopia R3100’s Event Histories. The text that appears in a histor y is shown in bold, followed by a brief explanation and the parameters associated with the event.
H-2 User’ s Reference Guide ISDN Line Active: ISDN L1 active - L1 not ready to car r y L2 data. Associated parameter: switch type or protocol. SPID Initialized: SPID accepted by switch. Associated parameter: director y number associated with SPID. SPID Failed: SPID rejected/r emoved by switch.
Event Histories H-3 Cause No. 3: no route to destination. This cause indicates that the called user cannot be reached because the network through which the call has been r outed does not ser ve the destination desired. This cause is suppor ted on a network-dependent basis.
H-4 User’ s Reference Guide Cause No. 34: no circuit/channel available. This cause indicates that there is no appr opriate cir cuit/channel presently available to handle the call.
Event Histories H-5 Cause No. 81: invalid call refer ence value. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message with a call r eference which is not cur r ently in use on the user-network inter face. Cause No. 82: identified channel does not exist.
H-6 User’ s Reference Guide Cause No. 100: invalid information element contents. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received an infor mation element which it has implemen.
ISDN Configuration Guide I-1 Appendix I ISDN Configuration Guide This appendix contains supplemental ISDN configuration infor mation. This section covers the following topics: ■ “Definitions.
I-2 User’ s Reference Guide Note: A T&T 5ESS custom point-to-point switches have no SPIDs and are not r epresented in the table above. However , this type of switch configuration is suppor ted by the Netopia R3100.
ISDN Configuration Guide I-3 This table may not be a complete list of switch protocols that suppor t ACO. T o find out if your switch protocol suppor ts ACO, or to turn ACO on, contact your ISDN ser vice provider .
I-4 User’ s Reference Guide.
Binary Conversion T able J-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x JJ J J B B B B ii i i n n n n a a a a r r r r y y y y C C C C o o o o n n n n v v v v e e e e r r r r s s s .
J-2 User’ s Reference Guide Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y 128 10000000 160 10100000 192 11000000 224 11100000 129 10000001 161 10100001 193 11000001 225 11100001 13.
Further Reading K-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x K K K K F F F F u u u u r r r r t t t t h h h h e e e e r r r r R R R R e e e e a a a a d d d d ii i i n n n n g g g g Angell, David. ISDN for Dummies , Foster City , CA: IDG Books Worldwide, 1995.
K-2 User’ s Reference Guide Hares, S. "Components of OSI: Inter-Domain Routing Pr otocol (IDRP)." ConneXions: The Interoperability Repor t, V ol. 6, No. 5: May 1992. Jones, N.E.H. and D. Kosiur . Macworld Networking Handbook . San Mateo, California: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Further Reading K-3 Rose, M.T . The Open Book: A Practical Perspective on OSI . Englewood Clif fs, New Jersey: Pr entice Hall; 1990. Rose, M.T . The Simple Book: An Intr oduction to Management of TCP/IP-based Inter nets . Englewood Clif fs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1991.
K-4 User’ s Reference Guide.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information L-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x L L L L T T T T e e e e c c c c h h h h n n n n ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l S S S.
L-2 User’ s Reference Guide Pin 9 DSR Pin 9 -RSET (EIA-530) Pin 10 DCD Pin 10 (not used) Pin 11 (not used) Pin 11 -TSET (EIA-530) Pin 12 TCA Pin 12 (not used) Pin 13 TCB Pin 13 (not used) Pin 14 RCA.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information L-3 Description Dimensions: 124.0 cm (w) x 20.0 cm (d) x 5.3 cm (h) 9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications inter faces: The Netopia R3100.
L-4 User’ s Reference Guide Agency appr ovals North America Safety Approvals: ■ United States – UL: 1950 Third Edition ■ Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information L-5 United States. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Par t 15 of the FCC Rules.
L-6 User’ s Reference Guide Declaration for Canadian users The Canadian Industr y Canada label identifies cer tified equipment. This cer tification means that the equipment meets cer tain telecommunications network protective, operation and safety r equirements.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information L-7 near the product for easy access. ■ For use only with CSA Cer tified Class 2 power supply , rated 12VDC, 1.5A. T elecommunication installation cautions ■ Never install telephone wiring during a lightning stor m.
L-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
Glossary 1 G G G G ll l l o o o o s s s s s s s s a a a a r r r r y y y y Access Line: A telephone line r eaching from the telephone company central of fice to a point usually on your premises. Beyond this point the wir e is considered inside wiring.
2 User’ s Reference Guide byte: A group of bits, nor mally eight, which r epresent one data character . CallerID: See CND. CCITT (Comite Consultatif International T elegraphique et T elephonique): I.
Glossary 3 DNS (Domain Name Ser vice): A TCP/IP pr otocol for discovering and maintaining network resour ce infor mation distributed among dif fer ent ser vers. download: The process of transfer ring a file fr om a ser ver to a client. EIA (Electronic Industr y Association): A Nor th American standards association.
4 User’ s Reference Guide internet: A set of networks connected together by r outers. This is a general ter m, not to be confused with the lar ge, multi-or ganizational collection of IP networks known as the Inter net. An inter net is sometimes also known as an internetwork.
Glossary 5 NA T (Network Address Translation): A featur e that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP addr ess, instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network.
6 User’ s Reference Guide remapping: See network number remapping . RFC (Request for Comment): A series of documents used to exchange infor mation and standar ds about the Internet. RIP (Routing Information Protocol): A protocol used for the transmission of IP r outing infor mation.
Glossary 7 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): An open network standard that defines how devices from dif ferent manufactur ers communicate with each other over one or more inter connected networks.
8 User’ s Reference Guide.
Index-1 II I I n n n n d d d d e e e e x x x x Numerics 10Base-T 4-3 connecting 4-3 A add static route 11-14 adding a filter set 15-13 advanced configuration features 8-12 answer profile call accep.
Index-2 connection profiles defined 7-3 , 7-7 scheduling 10-1 console configuration 8-16 configuring 8-16 connection problems A-2 screens, connecting to 8-11 console-based management configuring with 6-1 , 7-1 , 8-1 D D.
Index-3 finding an ISDN ser vice provider B-1 finding an ISP D-1 firewall 15-18 fir mware files updating with TFTP 16-8 updating with XMODEM 16-10 Frame Relay G-1 addressing G-3 , G-4 configurin.
Index-4 MIBs suppor ted 14-12 multiple subnets 11-10 N NA T attributes 11-5 defined 11-1 features 11-2 guidelines 11-5 using 11-3 navigating Easy Setup 6-5 NCSA T elnet 6-3 nested IP subnets E-10 Net.
Index-5 S SAP ser ver types 12-3 scheduled connections adding 10-6 defined 10-1 deleting 10-9 modifying 10-9 once-only 10-8 viewing 10-5 weekly 10-7 screens, connecting to 8-11 security filters 15-4.
Index-6 TFTP , transfer ring files 16-7 TID, defined I-1 T rivial File T ransfer Pr otocol (TFTP) 16-7 T rivial File T ransfer Pr otocol, see TFTP troubleshooting A-1 console-based management 7-2 ev.
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies 1 L L L L ii i i m m m m ii i i t t t t e e e e d d d d W W W W a a a a r r r r r r r r a a a a n n n n t t t t y y y y a a a a n n n n d d d d L L L L ii i.
2 User’ s Reference Guide.
デバイスNetopia R3100の購入後に（又は購入する前であっても）重要なポイントは、説明書をよく読むことです。その単純な理由はいくつかあります：
Netopia R3100をまだ購入していないなら、この製品の基本情報を理解する良い機会です。まずは上にある説明書の最初のページをご覧ください。そこにはNetopia R3100の技術情報の概要が記載されているはずです。デバイスがあなたのニーズを満たすかどうかは、ここで確認しましょう。Netopia R3100の取扱説明書の次のページをよく読むことにより、製品の全機能やその取り扱いに関する情報を知ることができます。Netopia R3100で得られた情報は、きっとあなたの購入の決断を手助けしてくれることでしょう。
Netopia R3100を既にお持ちだが、まだ読んでいない場合は、上記の理由によりそれを行うべきです。そうすることにより機能を適切に使用しているか、又はNetopia R3100の不適切な取り扱いによりその寿命を短くする危険を犯していないかどうかを知ることができます。
ですが、ユーザガイドが果たす重要な役割の一つは、Netopia R3100に関する問題の解決を支援することです。そこにはほとんどの場合、トラブルシューティング、すなわちNetopia R3100デバイスで最もよく起こりうる故障・不良とそれらの対処法についてのアドバイスを見つけることができるはずです。たとえ問題を解決できなかった場合でも、説明書にはカスタマー・サービスセンター又は最寄りのサービスセンターへの問い合わせ先等、次の対処法についての指示があるはずです。
