Oracle Audio TechnologiesメーカーA86828-01の使用説明書/サービス説明書
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Oracle9 i Appli cation Server Oracl e HTTP Serv er powere d by Apac he Perf ormanc e Guide Release 1 .0.2 for A IX-Ba se d Sys te m s, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, H P 90 00 Series HP -UX, Linux I ntel, an d Sun So lari s I ntel Octobe r 2000 Part No.
Oracle9 i Applic ation Serv er Ora cle H TTP Se rver power ed b y Apac he Pe rfor mance Guide, Rele ase 1. 0.2 Part No. A8682 8-01 Copyright © 200 0, Oracle Cor pora tion.
iii Contents Send Us Your Comments ............ ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. vii Pref ace .............. ...................... ................. ................. ........
iv Monitoring the W eb Server ....... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................ ... 2-3 Using the mod_status Utility ......... ................. ................. ................. .....
v Using Single Thread Mo del Servlets.................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .... 5-7 What is Oracle JSP? .............. ................. ................. ................. ................. .......
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vii Send Us Y our Comments Oracle9 i Application Server, Oracle H TTP Server powered by Apache Performance Guide, Release 1.0 .2 Part No. A8682 8-01 Oracle Corporation welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this publication.
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ix Preface Audie nce This guide is written for Oracle Internet Application Server 8 i developers and system admin istrators who a r e responsible for con figuring and tunin g the Oracle HTTP Server power ed by Apache. Assumptions There are many sour ces of information on configuring and tuning web servers, Apache in particular .
x The term, Oracle Server , refers to the database server prod uct from Oracle Corpora tion. The term, oracle , r efers to an executable or account by that name.
xi Product and Documentation For U.S.A custo mers, Oracle Stor e is at: ■ http ://s tore.o racl e.com Links to Stor es in other countries ar e provided from this site. Pro duct do cumenta tion c an be fo und at: ■ http://docs.oracle.com Customer Service Global Custom er Service contacts are listed at: ■ http:/ /www .
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Performanc e Overview 1-1 1 Performance Ove rview This chapter discusses performance and tuning co ncepts, and briefly describes Oracle 9 i Application Server ar chitectur e.
Perf orma n ce T erms 1-2 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide Performance T erms Following ar e performance terms used in this book: What is Performance T uning? Performance must be built in.
What is P erformance T uning? Performanc e Overview 1-3 ■ Wa i t T i m e ■ Critical Resources ■ Effects of Excessive Demand ■ Adjustments to Relieve Problems Response Time Because response tim.
What is Performan ce T uning? 1-4 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide In parallel pr ocessing with multiple resour ces, more r esources ar e available to the tasks. Each independent task executes immediately using its own resour ce: no wait time is involved.
What is P erformance T uning? Performanc e Overview 1-5 Critical Resources Resources such as CPU, memory , I/O capacity , and network bandwidth are key to reducing service time.
What is Performan ce T uning? 1-6 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide Effects of Excessive Demand Excessive demand increases response time and reduces throughput, as shown in Figure 1–4 .
Evaluating Per formanc e Performanc e Overview 1-7 Setting Perfor mance T argets Whether you are designi ng or maintain ing a system, you s hould set specific performance goa ls so that you kno w h ow and what to optim ize. If you alter parameters with out a specifi c goa l in mind, you can waste ti me tuning you r system without sig nificant gain.
Perfo rmance Meth odology 1-8 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide Performance Methodo logy Achieving optim al ef fectiveness in your system requires planning, monitoring, and periodic adjustment.
Performa nce Metho dology Performanc e Overview 1-9 Factors in Improving Perfo rmance Performance spans several ar eas: ■ Application desig n: Designing appli cations that efficiently uti lize hardware resour ces and handle incr easing numbers of users effectively .
Archite cture 1-10 Oracle HTTP Server p owered by Apache Performance Guid e Architecture Fig ure 1–6 shows the ar chitecture of Oracle9 i Application Server.
Monitorin g Y our W eb Server 2-1 2 Monitoring Y our Web Server This chapter describes utilities and pr ocesses you can use to gather information from your system.
Monitorin g Processor U se 2-2 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide Monitoring Processor U se T o determine process utili zation, you should ga ther CPU stat istics. Y ou sh ould also monitor system scalability by adding users and increasing the system workload.
Monitor ing the W eb Server Monitorin g Y our W eb Server 2-3 The sar command (-u option) pr ovides the following statistics: Usin g the top U tilit y Y ou can use the to p utility to view the ongoing processo r activity in real time. Please refer to the man pages for usage.
Monitor ing the Web Serve r 2-4 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide Using the mod_status U tility T o enable monitoring, edit the h ttpd.
Monitor ing the W eb Server Monitorin g Y our W eb Server 2-5 Figure 2 –1 Server stat us page Inter pre tin g Ser ve r S tatus I nfo rmat io n The display (w ith ExtendedStatus enabled) shows that 6 requests ar e being processed a nd four servers are idle.
Monitor ing the Web Serve r 2-6 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide has been completed, ther e is a W in the M (mode) column fo r the process, the process is probably not responding. Another situation that is important to monitor is that of the system being CPU bound, where CPU utilization is around 90%.
Monitor ing the W eb Server Monitorin g Y our W eb Server 2-7 The script is designed to be run by cr on (or an eq uivalent daemon that executes commands at intervals).
Monitorin g JServ Proce sses 2-8 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide Monitoring JServ Pr ocesses After you start the Oracle9 i Application Server, you can check to ensure tha t all JServ pr ocesses have started no rmally . 1. Remove the comments in th e JServ status handler section of the jserv .
Monitorin g JServ Processes Monitorin g Y our W eb Server 2-9 Figure 2–3 JServ status displ ay The Status column shows the curre nt shared memory (shm) state of e ach process.
Monitorin g JServ Proce sses 2-10 Oracle HTTP Server p owered by Apache Performance Guid e The symbols that appear in parentheses after the w ord Up or Down have the followi ng m eanings: Note: The Status column is populated only for processe s that are started in manual mode.
Sizing a nd Configu ration 3- 1 3 Sizing and Configuration This chapter pr ovides guidelines for sizing and con figuration which can help you meet performance goals. It also discusses performance factors, such as memory consumptio n, I/O issues, and netwo rk and software constraint s.
Unders tanding Con current U sers and Use r Popula tion 3-2 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide relation ship between the number of potential users and the number o f concurrent users. This is determined by the think time and the average r esponse tim e for your applicatio n.
Determ ining Memo ry Requir ements Sizing a nd Configu ration 3- 3 Determining CPU Requirements For most applications, the majority of the CPU utilization is spent in processing the application’s code. The CPU requir ement of any application depend s on its complexity and workload, as sho wn in Ta b l e 3 – 2 .
Deter mining Memory Requirement s 3-4 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide ■ Mem ory for N o n-H T TP S e rver Soft ware an d Op erat i ng Sy ste m ■ HTTP Server Memory Requir .
Determ ining Memo ry Requir ements Sizing a nd Configu ration 3- 5 T o maximize performance, set the maximum heap size to a ccommodate application requir ements. T o determine how much Java heap you need, include calls in your program to the Runtime.getRuntime().
Deter mining Memory Requirement s 3-6 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide The amount of memory needed depends on whether sessions ar e used; a session consumes ab out 0 .
Determ ining Memo ry Requir ements Sizing a nd Configu ration 3- 7 Figure 3–1 Request distribution.
Deter mining Memory Requirement s 3-8 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide.
Optimizing HTTP Se rver Performance 4-1 4 Optimizing HTTP Server Performance This chapter pr ovides information on impr oving the Oracle HTTP Server ’s performance, including tuning TCP parame ters, the effe cts of changing the MaxClients parameter , SS L caching , and logg ing.
TCP T uning 4-2 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide TCP T uning Correc tly tuned TCP parameters can improve perfo rmance dramatically . This section contain s recommendation s f or TCP tu ning and a brief expla na tio n of each parameter .
TCP T uning Optimizing HTTP Se rver Performance 4-3 T able 4–2 Tuning HP-UX for Perfor mance Bench marking Parameter Scope Default V alue T uned V alue tcp_time_wait_interval ndd/dev/tcp 60,000 60 ,.
TCP T uning 4-4 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide Linux T unables Raising Ne twork Limits on Li nux Systems for 2.1.100 or greater Linux only allows you to use 15 bits of the TCP window field. This means that you have to multiply everything by 2, or recompile the kernel without this limitation.
TCP T uning Optimizing HTTP Se rver Performance 4-5 Y ou will f in d some other possi biliti es to tune TCP in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ : ■ tcp_timestamps ■ tcp_window scaling ■ tcp_sack There is a brief description of TCP parameters in /Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.
TCP T uning 4-6 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide W ith th e tuned TCP s tacks, it was possib le to get a maximum throughput between 1.
TCP T uning Optimizing HTTP Se rver Performance 4-7 Specifying Rete ntion time for Connection T able entries The TCP connection table maintains data associated wi th connections.
TCP T uning 4-8 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide On most web servers, the defaults w ill be sufficient, but if you have more than 1024 concurrent users, these settings m ay be too lo w . In that case, connectio ns will be dropped in the handshake state because the queues are full.
MaxClients Optimizing HTTP Se rver Performance 4-9 larg e data transfers significantly . Use the following commands to en large the window . On In tel So laris: prompt> /usr/sbi n/ndd -s et /dev/t .
SSL Session Caching 4-10 Oracle HTTP Server p owered by Apache Performance Guid e could be re duced, to act as a throttle on the number of concurr ent r equests on the server . SSL Se ssion Caching The Oracle HTTP server caches a client’s S SL session inform ation by default.
HTTP/1. 1 Optimizing HTTP Serv er Performance 4-1 1 to log IP addr esses. Y ou can resolve IP addr esses to host names off-line, with th e logresolve utility (found in th e $ORACLE_HOM E / Ap ache / Apache / bin / dir ectory). For more inf ormat ion , s ee D ale Gau det’ s Apache Perfor m ance Notes at: http://www .
HTTP/1 .1 4-12 Oracle HTTP Server p owered by Apache Performance Guid e Shorter Response Times Persistent conn ection s can improve total response time for a web interaction that involves multiple HTTP requests, because the delay o f setting up a connection only happens onc e.
HTTP/1. 1 Optimizing HTTP Serv er Performance 4-13 This is a 20% r eduction in service time. When the system is under load, the benefit of r educing connection time with persistent connections is even gr eater , due to the corre sponding reduction of the TCP queue.
Apache V ersions 4-14 Oracle HTTP Server p owered by Apache Performance Guid e The pr oblem is that when a connection becomes idle , and the server closes it because the keep alive time limit has expired, the client host may not perform the TCP protoco l steps requir ed to complete the closure of the connection.
Optimi zing Apac he JServ 5-1 5 Optimizing Apache JServ This chapter describes the JServ architectur e, and discusses ways you can improve its performance. It al so includes performance information on OracleJSP pages (the Oracle implementation of Sun Micr osystems’ JavaServer Pages 1.
JServ Overview 5-2 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide JServ Overvie w Apache JServ is made up of an Apache module called m od_jserv , which r uns in the httpd process, an d a servlet engine, which runs in a Ja va process.
Opti mi zing Serv le t Pe rfor ma nce Optimi zing Apac he JServ 5-3 Optimizing Serv let Perfor mance This section discusses strategies for optimizing JSer v performance: loading servlets when starting the JVM, and load balancing. The terms “repository” and “zo ne” are used in this discu ssion.
Optimizing Servlet Perf ormance 5-4 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide parameters to fa lse, since ther e is a performance cost in checking the re positories on every execution of a servlet. Change these param eters in the zone pr operties file: autorel oad.
Opti mi zing Serv le t Pe rfor ma nce Optimi zing Apac he JServ 5-5 3. Edit jserv2.pr operties as follows: port=80 02 log.fil e=/usr/l ocal/jse rv/logs/j serv2.lo g If JServ is included in your CLAS SP A TH, you can start the JServ pr ocesses with these commands: java JS erv jser v1.
Optimizing Servlet Perf ormance 5-6 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide ApJServ Host JSe rv2 ajpv 12://127. 0.0.1:80 02 ApJServ Route JS 1 JServ1 ApJServ Route JS 2 JServ2 ApJServ.
Opti mi zing Serv le t Pe rfor ma nce Optimi zing Apac he JServ 5-7 b. If the r equest is not part of a session, mod_jserv selects an engine based o n the process ID of the httpd process and the numbe.
What is OracleJSP? 5-8 Oracle HTTP Serve r powered by Apa che Performance Guide singleT hreadMod elServle t.initial Capacity = 10 singleT hreadMod elServle t.increme ntCapaci ty = 0 singleT hreadMod elServle t.maximum Capacity = 10 What is OracleJSP? OracleJSP 1.
OracleJSP Pa ge Performan ce T uning Optimi zing Apac he JServ 5-9 Developer Mod e Another parameter that h as a significant effect on performance is developer mode. It is a useful feature fo r debugging during development, but it degrades performance.
OracleJSP Page Perform ance T uning 5-10 Oracle HTTP Server p owered by Apache Performance Guid e Update statement batching The JDBC driver accumulates a n umber of execution requests (the ba tch value) and passes them to the database to be processed at the same time.
Index- 1 Index A Apache JServ Protocol 1.2, 5-2 ApJServBala nce, 5-5 ApJServMan ual, 5-5 ApJServMount, 5 -5 ApJServRoute, 5-6 ApJServShmF ile, 5-6 archit ecture JServ, 5-2 Oracle Internet A pplication.
Index- 2 jserv. conf, 2-8 jserv.properties , 5-4 JSP, 5-8 L latenc y defined, 1 -2 first-request, 5-3 netwo rk, 3-1 load ba lan c ing , 5-4 load va ria nc es , 1-8 logging, 4-1 0 M MaxClient s concurr.
Index- 3 T think ti me defined, 1 -2 resourc es an d, 3-1 threa d limit, 3- 6 throughp ut defined, 1 -2 demand limiter and, 1-6 increasin g, 1-4 U unit consumption, 1-6 uptime, 2-4 users , co ncurre nt, 3-2 utilities sar, 2-2 W wait ti me contention a nd, 1 -4 defined, 1 -2 parallel processing an d, 1-4 Z zone, defi ned, 5-3 zone.
Index- 4.
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