KodakメーカーD-31の使用説明書/サービス説明書
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Micrographic Q uality D-31 S torage and Preservation of Microfilms.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 i Content s Intr oduct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Defi nitio ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Elec troni c Ima ging .
ii D-31 June 2002 Proce s sing of Ot her Fi lm T ypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Thermally Proc essed Silver (TPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Diaz o Fi lms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-31 Ju ne 2002 1 Intr oduction Photographi c film remai ns an im portant documenta ry material. Th e increasing quantity and value of microf il m records used in finan cial instit utions, li braries, government of fices, and industrial firms have focused att ent ion on the care of such record s to make cert ain that they last as long as possible.
2 D-31 June 2002 Emulsion layer(s ) —image or image-formi ng layer(s ) of phot ographic film s, p apers, and plates. Film base —the plasti c support fo r the emuls ion and backing layers. Halation —h alo or ghost around the desired image on a photographic emulsion.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 3 Scanner —a device that elect ro-opt icall y convert s a document into a series of pix els by det ecting and measuring t he intensity of li ght refl ected or transmit ted. When initiall y captured , each pix el is a level of brightne ss (gray or color) , initi ally an analog quant ity , but potenti ally di gitized.
4 D-31 June 2002 Storage V a ult s The highest degree of protec tion for a large number of records is af forded by a fir eproof storage vaul t or rec ord room.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 5 W ater Protection Film records should be protected fr om possible water damage, such as from lea ks, fir e-sprinkl er discharge, and flo oding. If po ssible, storage facili ties sh ould be lo cated above basement levels. S torage cabinet s should be r aised so t hat the lowest shel f or dr awer is at least 15.
6 D-31 June 2002 V ery low humidities have, in the p ast, cause d fil m to be br ittle. However , film of current manuf acture has not b een found to exhibi t brit tleness or breaking tende ncies under normal handling , even at relati ve humidit ies as low as 15%.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 7 Humidity Cont rol Control of rel at ive humidity i s required for preservat ion of permanent records. Air Conditioning Properly cont rol led air conditi oning of the storage area is defin itely recommended for the opti m um long-ter m preservat ion of permanent records.
8 D-31 June 2002 Humidification Humidifi cati on is not necessary or desirable unless t he prevaili ng relati ve humidit y is under 15%—under 30% for polyester -base films—for long periods of time and unless the fi lm is used frequentl y and physical troubles are encounter ed.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 9 The conditio ns under which micro fi lm is stored have been f ound to play an im portant role in the development of microscopi c blemishes. S t orage in cool, dr y air that is free of oxid izing gases or vapors is an ef fective means for arrestin g their format ion and growth.
10 D-31 June 2002 Composition of Encl osure Materials Pape r Paper should be made from rag, bleached sul fi t e or bleac hed kraft pulp with an alpha-c ellulose content g reater t han 87%. It should be f ree from highly ligni fied fibr es, such as ground wood, as determined by the phloro glucinol spot test.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 11 Processing for Permanence Silver -Gel atin Films Processing is one of the most import ant factors af fecting the p otential permanence of photographi c records. The remo val of resi dual processing chemicals, the excl usion of dirt conta mination , and unif orm drying are factors normally cont rol led by proper proces sin g.
12 D-31 June 2002 Squeegees It is import ant to use an adequate squeegee where the film leaves th e water wash and enters the drying sect i on. Otherwise, res i dual water droplet s will dry and form vis ibl e sur face defect s and, in some cases, cause physic al st icking of the film l aps.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 13 Processing of Other Film T ypes Thermally Processed Si lver (TPS) This film shou ld be processed in accordan ce with the manufact urers’ r ecommendations f or optimum image st abi lity . ANSI/PIMA IT9.19-1994 and ISO-18919- 1999 24 give specificati ons for stability of T PS films.
14 D-31 June 2002 T ime-Cap sule Stora ge Only silver -gelat in fi lms conf orming t o ANSI/ PIMA IT9.1-1998 2 or ISO 18901- 1999 should be used for ti me cap sules or sealed in corner stones of buildi ngs.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 15 Insp ectio n The potential life of photograp hic records depends largely on atmospheric conditions —temperature, humidity , cleanliness—and the manner in whi ch the film is used.
16 D-31 June 2002 T able 2: Stor age Life of Microfi lms NOTES: (1) Expressed as thi o su lfate ion. (2) Specific l imi t s have not been set—the recommended washi ng should be satisfactor y . (3) Dehumidif ication ma y be necessary even though automati c air conditioni ng is not practic al.
D-31 Ju ne 2002 17 Summary of Requirements for S torage and Preservatio n of Records on Ko dak Microfilm St o rage Facili ties The type of storage vaul t , safe, cabinet , or area selected must be based on the val ue of the film records and their int ended stor age life.
18 D-31 June 2002 References an d Bibliograph y 1. American National S tandard: “T echnical Report— Glossary of Document T echnologies,” ANSI/AIIM TR2-1998. 2. American National S tandard: “Imaging Materials — Processed Silver-Gelatin T y pe Black and White Film—Specifications for S tability ,” ANSI/PIMAIT9.
EASTMAN KODAK COMP ANY Document Imagi ng Rochester , New Y ork 14650 www .kod ak.c om/go /doc imag ing Kodak, Ea stman, Est ar , and Prost ar are trademark s of East man Kod ak Comp any . KODAK Publicatio n No. D-31 CA T No. 81 1-6386 6 /2002 © Eastman Kodak C omp any , 2002 Printed in U.
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